石油天然气工程标准手册毕业课程设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译.docVIP

PAGE 1 英文原文 《Standard Handbook of Petroleum Natural Gas Engineering 》 3.3 PUMPS Pumps are a mechanical device that forces a fluid to move from one position to another. Usually a pump refers to the mechanical means to move incompressible (or nearly incompressible) fluid or liquid. Pumps are our earliest machine and are to this day one of our most numerous mechanical devices. Pumps are a very essential part of the oil and gas industry. They are used throughout the industry, from drilling operations through to final delivery to the customer. 3.3.1 Classifications Pumps are classified into two basic classes, displacement and dynamics. The most widely used pumps in the oil and gas industry are reciprocating displacement pumps (in particular piston plunger type), the rotary displacement pump, and the centrifugal dynamic pump. Only these pumps will be discussed in detail. The reciprocating and rotary positive displacement pumps primary characteristic is that they have a nearly direct relationship between the motion of the pumping elements and the quantity of liquid pumped. Thus, in positive displacement pumps liquid displacement (or discharge from the device) is theoretically equal to the swept volume of the pumping element. Figure 3.3.3 shows the typical positive displacement plot of discharge rate Q (ft3/s) versus pressure P (lbs/ft2) [3]. The discharge rate remains the same (assuming a constant rate of rotation for the system) regardless of the pressure in the flow. The pressure in the flow is, of course, the result of resistance in the flow system the pump discharges to. If the resistance increases, rotation can be maintained and more force applied to each stroke of the pump (i.e., power). This is why the reciprocating piston plunger pump is also called a power pump. In practice, pressure does have some influence on the capacity of these pumps. This is because as the pressure increases, there is some leakage of the seals in the system. This leakage is somewhat propo