跨文化交际第四章_集体主义vs个人主义归纳.pptVIP

精选 课件 Main Points 1) Individualism-collectivism 2) Individual-Oriented Societies 3) Collectivism-Oriented Societies 4 ) How to make the two work together Individualism-collectivism ., * All cultures must ask and answer the following question: To what extent should people pursue their own individual activities and agendas rather than contributing to the success and well-being of the larger group, such a family, neighborhood, clan, team, or company? ., * Individualism— being different Collectivism—how much you can do for the group you are in ., * Some countries, such as the United States, Canada, Great Britain, and the Netherlands, place a high value on individualism. There cultures emphasize the worth and dignity of the individual over the group, independence rather than interdependence, and relatively few social obligations. ., * Everybody is trying to be different from the others in the team or clan; Personal goals are over the group goals; People place the worth and dignity of the individual over the group. ., * Other cultures, such as Japan and China, tend to emphasize the larger group. These cultures encourage people to put the interest of the group above their own, maintain strong ties and obligations to group members, and value long-term social relationships above short-term accomplishments. ., * Individualistic culture believes that people are supposed to take care of themselves and remain emotionally independent of groups, organizations, or other collectivities. Self-emphasis is important, even in building friendships. 1. Individual-Oriented Societies ., * Individuals can do whatever they want, and their “freedom” and their “rights” are necessary values. ., * They build contracts to protect their rights from others and to protect their dignity. ., * Their high level of self-respect does not keep them from enjoying a good time and an occasional adventure, even if they might feel guilty later. ., * When th