【一轮复习】高考英语一轮复习语法专题(二)定语从句-关系代词(1).docx

高考英语一轮复习语法专题（二） 定语从句------关系代词 Attributive clauses 一、什么是定语(attribute)？ 定义：定语是用来修饰名词或代词的句子成分。 He is an honest boy. We love our country. I know the girl in red. 位置：单个的词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词前面；短语或从句 作定语时，放在被修饰的词后面。 二、定语从句 1.在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句（句意： “……的”） 2.被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“ 先行词 ” 3.引导定语从句的词叫“关系词 ”。 He is an Chinese teacherwho likes singing songs. 该句中，teacher 是先行词，who 是关系代词，who likes singing songs 叫做定语从句 三、定语从句的位置 定语从句通常放在被修饰词之后。 四、定语从句中的关系词 关系代词：who、whom、whose、which、 that 关系副词：where﹑when﹑why 关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）的指代关系 在定语从句中的成分 √ 宾 语 ( 可 省 whom which √ 宾语(可省略) √ √ √ 宾 语 ( 可 省 that √ √ 宾 语 ( 可 省 略） whose 定语 关系代词的三个作用: 1. 引导定语从句。 2. 代替先行词。 3. 在定语从句中担当一个成分。 关系词： 指人：who、that、whom 、whose 指物：which、that、whose 例： 1. The girl is from America. I called her just now. 我刚才叫的那个女孩来自美国。 →The girl (whom/that/whoI called just now ) is from America. whom/that/who 代替 the girl，作定语从句中的宾语 2. They’re talking about the film. I have seen the film. 他们正在讨论我看过的那部电影。 →They’re talking about the film (which/thatI’ve seen). which/that 代替 the film，作定语从句中的宾语 （1）who/that 代替人，在从句中充当主语和宾语。 1. The boy is called Tom. The boy broke the window. →The boy (who/that broke the window) is called Tom. 作主语 2. Do you know the girl? I talked to her. →Do you know the girl (who/that /whom I talked to)? 作宾语，可以省略 （2） whom 代替人,在从句中充当宾语。 1. The man is a teacher. I saw the man just now. →The man (who/ whom/that/不填 I saw just now) is a teacher. （3） which /that 代替事物，在从句中充当主语和宾语。 1.I can’t find the letter.The letter came this morning. →I can’t find the letter (which/that came this morning). 2.Please give me the book. The book is about travel. →Please give me the book (which/that is about travel). 3.This is the bag. My mother bought it last week. →This is the bag (which/that my mother bought last week). 4. The house is made of wood. Jack built the house. →The house (which/that Jack built ) is made of wood. （4）whose 代替人或物,指“人的…，物的…” I have a girl friend. Her father is a scientist. →I have a girl friend (whose father is