化学专业英语第三章.pptVIP

Chapter 3 law of mass conservation：质量守恒定律 law of definite proportions：定比定律 law of multiple proportions：倍比定律 3.3 Periodicity of Atomic Properties atomic radius ionization energy electron affinity electronegativity Reaction Types : Direct Combination ( Synthesis) Reaction Decomposition ( Analysis) Reaction Single Displacement ( Substitution) Reaction Metathesis ( Double Displacement) Reaction 调换，交换 5. Acid-base Reaction 6. Oxidation-reduction (Redox) Reaction 7. Combustion Reaction 8. Isomerization Reaction 异构化反应 9. Disproportionation Reaction 歧化反应 [ 10. Hydrolysis Reaction 水解反应 Oxi- Oxygen：n. 氧气 Oxide： n. 氧化物 Oxidation： n.氧化作用 Oxidize： v. 使氧化 Oxidant： n. 氧化剂 Oxidizer： n. 氧化剂 Oxidable：adj. 可氧化的 一、分解反应句型 分解反应的词为decompose或decomposition，常用句型如下： （1）When compounds containing nitrates are heated，they not readily release all of the oxygen atoms in the compound. They decompose to give a compound that is a nitrite along with oxygen gas. （2）When compounds containing chlorates are heated，decompose to give the metal chloride and oxygen gas. （3）Hydrogen peroxide undergoes decomposition in the presence of catalyst to produce oxygen gas and water. The iodide ion or MnO2 catalyzes this reaction. （4）Carbonic acid is a very unstable substance and decomposes to give carbon dioxide and water. 二、歧化反应句型 常用词汇是disproportionation 和disproportionate 例如： （1）Mn3+ is unstable；its disproportionation is spontaneous. （2）Manganate ion is also unstable in acidic solution；its disproportionation gives permanganate and manganese（II）ion. 三、中和反应句型 常用词汇有名词neutralization和动词neutralize， 例如： （1）CaCl2 is a salt formed during the neutralization reaction of hydrochloric acid with calcium hydroxide. （2）A salt and water are formed when sulfuric acid neutralizes sodium hydroxide. (3) A neutralization reaction involves the combination of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions to form water. 四、氧化还原反应句型 常用词汇：oxide、oxidation、reduction和reduce （1）Afte