2020新能源商业模式创新前景报告：增强电力系统的灵活性，激励太阳能和风能技术的快速集成.docx

Business Models Business Models: Innovation Landscape Aggregators Peer-to-peer trading Energy-as-a-service Community ownership Pay-as-you-go models AGGREGATORS INNOVATION LANDSCAPE BRIEF 1 BENEFITS Aggregators use a centralised IT system to remotely control the DERs and optimise their operation.  Energy Storage Systems Cloud Computing Internet PV Owners VPP  Utility Grid They can provide: ? Load shifting ? Balancing services to TSOs ? Local flexibility to DSOs Dispatchable Loads  Wind Power Producers Electrical Infrastructure  Electric Vehicles Communications 3 SNAPSHOT Global market value of USD 762 million in 2016, expected to reach USD 4 597 million in 2023 World’s Largest VPP is expected to connect DERs in 50,000 homes to meet 20 % of South Australia’s daily power demand. Projects in Netherlands, Germany and Australia are aggregating behind the meter batteries to provide grid services. 2KEY ENABLING FACTORS Smart meters Communication Infrastructure Regulatory framework allowing participation of new market players Accurate data (weather forecast, load projections, wholesale prices) AGGREGATORSIncreased digitalisation and smart metering have created new business models. AGGREGATORS Increased digitalisation and smart metering have created new business models. Aggregators are a new market player that can optimise the use of distributed energy resources. WHAT ARE AGGREGATORS AND DERs? Distributed energy resources (DERs) are small and medium-sized power resources connected to the distribution network. Aggregators bundle DERs to engage as a single entity – a virtual power plant (VPP) – in power or service markets. ABOUT THIS BRIEF This brief forms part of the IRENA project “Innovation landscape for a renewable- powered future”, which maps the relevant innovations, identifies the synergies and formulates solutions for integrating high shares of variable renewable energy (VRE) into power T systems. The synthesis report, Innovation landscape fo