民国新儒家的孟子观研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 清末民初，西学泛滥而儒学衰微。民国新儒家作为现代新儒家的第一阶段， 倡导“返本开新”，即以传统儒家的心性之学开出现代的科学和民主，为儒学建 立了续统仪式。本文以民国新儒家的孟子观作为研究对象，从思想史、接受史的 角度进行梳理和解读。首先，界定相关概念，并综述研究现状。其次，对民国新 儒家孟子观产生的时代背景和思想背景作整体介绍。再者，对民国新儒家的三位 代表人物的孟子观进行个案分析：梁漱溟的孟子观形成于“文化哲学”视域下， 偏重心性之学，而较忽略外王之学；熊十力的孟子观形成于“新唯识论”体系中， 内圣与外王并举，弥补了梁氏在涵养工夫方面的漏洞，但未能指明如何“开新”； 冯友兰主要在他的“三史”、“六书”中对孟子思想进行解读，用“负的方法”展 现其哲学方法论的另一面向，即回归直觉。最后，对其余民国新儒家（包括张君 劢、贺麟、钱穆等）的孟子观进行论述。通过对民国新儒家孟子观的研究，既能 根据其各具特色的孟子观，整体把握民国新儒家的心灵图式，也可以透过民国新 儒家对孟子思想的发挥，观察民国时期孟子观的面向和走向。 关键词：民国新儒家；孟子观；梁漱溟；熊十力；冯友兰 Abstract At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, there was a tendency of the spread of Western learning and the decline of Confucianism.As the first stage of modern Neo-Confucianism, the Neo-Confucian in the Republic of China advocated reserving traditional culture and establishing new national spirit , that is, to develop modern science and democracy with the learning of the science of mind of traditional Confucian,and established a continuation ceremony for Confucianism.This article takes the Neo-Confucian views on Mencius in the Republic of China as the research object, and sorts out and interprets it from the perspective of the history of thought and the history of acceptance.First, define relevant concepts and review the current research situation. Secondly, it gives an overall introduction to the era background and ideological background of the emergence of the Neo-Confucian views on Mencius in the Republic of China.Furthermore, a case study of the Mencius view of the three representative figures of the Neo-Confucian in the Republic of China:Liang Shumings view on Mencius was formed from the perspective of cultural philosophy, focusing on the study of the mind, and ignoring the study of politics;Xiong Shilis view on Mencius w