消化系统1运动与健康.pdf

Digestive System 消化系统 General Description 2 parts Alimentary canal 消化管 Digestive glands 消化腺 Functions: Digest foods Secrete enzymes Absorb nutrients Eliminate unused residues Alimentary canal  mouth 口腔 The upper gastrointestinal tract  pharynx 咽  esophagus 食管  stomach 胃  small intestines 小肠  duodenum 十二指肠  jejunum 空肠 The Lower GI  ileum 回肠  large intestines 大肠  cecum 盲肠  appendix 阑尾  colon 结肠  rectum 直肠  anal canal 肛管 Ⅰ.The Mouth （口腔）:  2 parts: oral vestibular, oral cavity proper （Alveolar process ）  Walls: oral lips, cheeks, palate, tongue. isthmus of fauces  Contents: teeth, tongue, salivary glands palate 腭 hard palate 硬腭 soft palate 软腭 palatine velum 腭帆 palatoglossal arch 腭舌弓 palatopharyngeal arch 腭咽弓 palatine tonsil 腭扁桃体 Tonsillitis Ⅰ.The Mouth （口腔）: isthmus of the fauces 咽峡 connects the cavity of the mouth and the pharynx. uvula 悬雍垂 free margin of palatine velum palatoglossal arch 腭舌弓 root of tongue. 舌根 The teeth 牙 deciduous teeth 乳牙 permanent teeth 恒牙 The structure: crown 牙冠 root 牙根 neck of teeth 牙颈 dentine 牙本质 enamel 釉质，珐琅质 cement 粘合质 periodontal membrane 牙周膜 dental cavity, root canal apical foramen dental pulp 牙髓 deciduous teeth 乳牙: 20 2 pairs of incisors 切牙 1 pair of canine tooth 尖牙 2 pairs of molars 磨牙 permanent teeth 恒牙: 28-32 2 pairs of incisors 切牙 1 pair of canine tooth 尖牙 2 pairs of premolars 前磨牙 3 pairs of molars 磨牙 (wisdom tooth 智齿) The tongue 舌 3 parts root, apex and body 2 surfacesdorsum surface