两汉时期凉州地区的经济开发与社会变迁研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 汉代凉州是汉武帝时所置十三刺史部之一。西汉时期，凉州仅为监察州，东汉 时，刺史职权不断扩大，凉州随之转变为地方一级行政区划，掌一州军政。凉州地 处西北战略要地，是抵御少数民族入侵中原的天然屏障，同时又处于汉王朝控制西 域的咽喉之地，汉王朝对凉州的经营受国家政策、边防形势等因素的影响，采取了 不同的开发措施，其成效也并不一致。西汉时期，为保持与匈奴作战中取得的优势， 对凉州地区进行大规模的开发，取得显著成效；东汉以后，统治者奉行 “以柔道治 国”之策，在边防政策上主守而不主攻，凉州的经济发展逐渐缓慢。经过两汉时期 的大力的开发，凉州的经济文化、社会风貌发生变化，经济结构由畜牧经济转变农 牧并举的混合经济，凉州地区独特的地域文化逐渐形成，从而支撑了五胡十六国时 期割据政权的存在。 笔者试图通过整理文献史料，论述两汉政府对凉州经济开发的措施，从而进一 步思考对凉州社会发展带来的影响。 关键词：两汉；凉州；经济开发；社会变迁 II Abstract Liangzhou in theHan Dynasty was one ofthe ThirteenAcupuncture Departments set up by the Emperor Hanwu. During the Western Han Dynasty, Liangzhou was only a monitor state.With the change of the function of theAcupuncture History,by the Eastern Han Dynasty, it became an administrative state in charge of military affairs. Liangzhou is strategically located in the northwest. It is a natural barrier against the invasion of the Central Plainsby ethnic minorities.At the same time, it is aplace where the Han Dynasty controlled theWestern Regions.The Han Dynasty ’s operation of Liangzhou was affected by national policies and border forces. The management measures adopted are not the same, and the results achieved are also inconsistent.In theWestern Han Dynasty,in order to maintain the advantages gained in the Hungarian War, large-scale development of Liangzhou area was achieved with remarkable results.After the Eastern Han Dynasty,the rulers pursued the policy of ruling the country with tenderness, and the main defense instead of the main defense policy, Liangzhous economic development gradually slowed down.After vigorous development during the Han Dynasty,Liangzhous economic culture and social featureschanged.The economic structure changed from a livestock economy to a mixed economy of farming and animal husbandry. The unique regional culture of Liangzhou gradually formed, thus supporting