大学化学部分习题参考答案.ppt

第一章部分习题参考答案 = 0 - 2×(-16.45 ) = 32.90 (kJ·mol-1) [P33: 6题] 解题思路 解: 查附录4中有关数据如下： 2NH3(g) = N2(g) + 3H2(g) ΔfHm? (298.15K)/( kJ·mol-1) -46.11 0 0 Sm? (298.15K)/( J·mol-1·K-1) 192.45 191.50 130.684 ΔfGm? (298.15K)/( kJ·mol-1) -16.45 0 0 △rGm?(298.15K)=∑vi△fGm?(生成物) -∑vi△fGm?(反应物) 解: (1) T=298.15K ΔrGm?(T) ≈ΔrHm?( 298.15 K ) -T·ΔrSm?( 298.15K ) = 92.22-398.15× 198.65 ×10-3 = 13.13（kJ·mol-1） 根据: ΔrGm?(T)≈ΔrHm?(298.15K) –T?ΔrSm?(298.15K) 计算. (2) T=398.15K △rSm?(298.15K) ＝∑viSm?(生成物) -∑viSm?(反应物) ＝[ 191.50 + (3×130.684) ] - (2×192.45） =198.65 (J·mol-1·K-1) △rHm?(298.15K)＝∑vi△fHm?(生成物)-∑vi△fHm?(反应物) ＝ 0 – 2×(-46.11） = 92.22(kJ·mol-1) 2NH3 (g) = N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) (3) T=300℃=300+273.15K=573.15K 根据 ΔrGm(T) =ΔrGm?(T) + 2.303RTlgQ 计算. ΔrGm?(T) = ΔrHm?(298.15K) -T·ΔrSm?(298.15K) = 92.22- 573.15×198.65×10-3 = -21.63 (kJ·mol-1) Q = = = 100 (PNH3/P?)2 (PN2/P?)1 ·(PH2/P?)3 (1000/100)1 ·(1000/100)3 (1000/100)2 ΔrGm(T) = ΔrGm?(T) + 2.303RTlgQ = -21.63 + 2.303×8.314×10-3×573.15×lg(100) = 0.318(kJ·mol-1) p(O2) = 101.325Kpa×21％ = 21.28Kpa P(O2) P? 1 P(O2)/P? 21.28Kpa 100Kpa 解： 查表可知： Sn(s) + O2(g) = SnO2(s) ΔfGm? (298.15K)/( kJ·mol-1) 0 0 -519.7 [P33:3题] 解题思路 Q = = = = 4.699 当T=298.15K时，ΔrGm?(T) = △rGm?(298.15K) △rGm?(298.15K) =∑vi△fGm?(生成物) -∑vi△fG