语言学导论82页PPT的资料.pptVIP

An introduction to Linguistics 吾言学导论 陈林华  Chapter One linguistics 1. Definition 2. Linguistics differs from other sciences in that it both uses languages as the tool and takes languages as its object to stud In the mid of 19th 3.3. Philology- Linguistil EDe Saussure(the founder of general linguistics 4.(语文学)(语言学  4. Linguistic study (1) diachronic study历时性学习 Study the development of language in the course of time 研究语言在不同时期的特点。 (2) synchronic study共时性学习 Study linguistics at a particular point of time(given linguistic status or stage of a particular language) 研究语言在同一时期的不同阶段  linguistic study: primary synchronic study ※研究语言难在: (1 language is always changing (2 people in the same speech community do not say the same language features of a language, can t be replaced quickly and completely  5. Langue parole langue语言 parole言语 a. a set of rules or conventions Actual spoke ban abstract linguistic systemb. Specific(concrete) C. in ever eakers mind C. situational d not actually spoken d. the use of the rules or e. relatively stable conventions Parole is the realization of the langue  6. Language competence language performance LAD-innate(capacity/intuitive to acquire language) experlence Grammar( for a particular language) competence performance like a machine Isn t innate Material→[→ product  ※ competence①( Grammar) is equal to everybody 2 ideal knowledge of language user formance (1 isn t equal to everybody 2 influenced by psychological and social factors x Performance is the realization of the knowledge Knowledge is the essence of the competence Behavior is the essence of the performance Communicative Competence-------Hymes  7. prescriptivism descriptivism Prescriptivism a) Set down a kind of form admit one dialect or variety is more superior than another. b) Form grammar, pronunciation, lexicon Regulate people how to actually use anguage. How things should be c)Language police Descriptivism a) Language