语言学词素展示.pptVIP

Morphology 1. Morpheme What is a morpheme? It is the minimal meaningful unit of language. Or it is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words. 语素是最小的有意义的单位。它是语言中最小 的构词单位 2. Morph and allomorph The definition of morphs: The phonetic or orthographic strings or segments which realize morphemes are termed morphs’ 语素的语音或拼写法的体现叫形素。 Morphs are actual spoken, minimal carriers of meaning. 形素是口语中最小的意义载体。 3. Classifications of morphemes Free VS bound morphemes in terms of their capacity of occurring alone Derivational VS. inflectional morphemes applying to affixes onl Content/lexical VS grammatical morpheme on a semantic and syntactic basis Free vS bound morphemes 自由语素与粘着语素 7 Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are free. Free morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences 自由语素是能独立运用的语素,它有完整的意 义,在句中充当一个自由的语法单位。 E g, man, wind, open, tour Morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound. They are bound to other morphemes to form words or to perform a particular grammatical function 粘着语素不能独立成词,只能依附于其他语素上 以构成词或担当一定的语法功能。 Free morphemes are all roots /free roots, which are capable of being used as words or as word. building elements to form new words. 口自由语素都是词根,也叫自由词根,能用作词或作 为构成新词的构词要素。 Bound morphemes consist of either roots(bound roots) or affixes. 粘着语素包括词根(粘着词根)和词缀 E.g., bound root: -dict-,-ced- Affix: -ion, -ist -ic Derivational VS, inflectional morphemes 派生语素与屈折语素 What are derivational and inflectional morphemes Derivational morphemes are used to derive new words when they are added to another morpheme. In English derivatives and compounds are all formed by such morphemes. 派生语素附着于其它语素可派生出新词。英语中 派生词和合成词都是由这样的语素构成的。 Inflectional morphemes indicate the syntactic relationships between words and function as grammatical markers. Inflectional morphemes are confined to suffixes ■屈折语素作为语法标记表示词的语法意义,屈折 语素只限于词缀