航海英语 航海英语 Currents and Waves Relevants.pptVIP

CANADIAN COAST GUARD AUXILIARY - PACIFIC NAVIGATION TRAINING Section 10 Currents and Waves Table of Contents Section 1 Types of Navigation Section 2 Terrestial Coordinates Section 3 Charts Section 4 Compass Section 5 Nautical Publications Section 6 Navigational Aids Section 7 Buoyage Section 8 Position Lines and Fixes Section 9 Tides Section 10 Currents Section 11 Weather Table of Contents Ocean Currents Giant patterns of rotation “gyres” in each of the major ocean basins. Caused by natural effects: salinity, temperature, the Coriolis Effect, etc. Described in the Sailing Directions Examples are the Gulf Stream, the Kuro Shio and the Owa Shio Ocean Currents Ocean Currents Ocean Currents Tidal Currents Tidal Currents Caused by the rise and fall of tides in coastal waters. Speed and timing is dependent upon whether it is spring or neap tides, and the shape of the coast and the sea floor. Tidal Currents Tidal Currents Flood Current A tidal current that flows towards shore (follows a low tide). Relationship of Terms Ebb Current A tidal current that flows away from shore (follows a high tide). Relationship of Terms Slack Water A period where there is no horizontal movement of water. Corresponds to the “stand” of the tide. Relationship of Terms Set: the direction of the current pushing; normally expressed in oT. Drift: the speed of the water, normally expressed in knots. Set and drift combined describe the current. Set and Drift Waves If the wind is blowing from the water onto the land they are onshore winds. This causes waves to break a little earlier, thus pushing them over. Waves If the wind blows from the land out to sea, they are offshore winds. They blow against the incoming swell and sustain the waves from breaking while they jack up a little higher and steeper before they break. Waves Water temperatures off Vancouver Island vary between the high 40s F in the winter and the low 70s in the height of the summer, whilst temperatures in the inland wat