英语语言学句法学.pptVIP

Chapter six Syntax  The internal structures of sentences different treatments of sentence structure by different linguistic schools c--IC analysis, deep structure, surface structure, tree diagram  1. Definition the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, that is . the study of the formation of sentences  2. Discuss the notion of sentence 2.1. The notions of sentence View 1: A grammatical unit that is syntactically independent and has a subject that is expressed or, as in imperative sentences, understood and a predicate that contains at least one finite verb View 2: An independent group of words expressing a complete thought View 3: A statement containing a subject and a predicate, a subject the element about which a statement is made, and a predicate is the element made about a subject  2.2. The types of sentence A. According to the structure Sentence can be simple and non-simple(complex and compound). The simple sentence The girl is watching TV. Mary and John are sitting on the sofo The compound sentence A compound sentence consists of two or more simple sentences usually connected by a comma plus a joining word(and, but, for, or nor,so, yet). A compound sentence is used when you want to give equal weight to closely related ideas We are watering the trees, for we don t have any rain for a month.  The complex sentence A complex sentence is made up of a simple sentence and a statement that begins with a dependent word. A complex sentence is used when you want to emphasize one idea over another in a sentence What I want to emphasize is this. We should never pretend to know what we dont know The compound-complex sentence Ellipsis is a common feature in English, but in many sentences of the type it is not possible to state exactly what is left out  B According to communicative function Sentence can be declarative. interrogative imperative and exclamatory  2. 3. The extension o