英汉翻译教程第一讲.pptVIP

A Practical Course on English Chinese Translation 线 年第二学期  一意8翻论 The definition of translation a Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Eugene A Nida Charles R. Taber: The Theory and practice of Translation, 1969)  Scope of translation In terms of language 1. Native languages into foreign languages 2. Foreign languages into native languages In terms of the mode 1. Oral interpretation 2. Written translation 3. Machine translation  In terms of materials 1. Scientific materials 2. Translation of literary works 3. Translation of political essays Translation of practical writing In terms of disposal 1. full-text translation 2. abridged translation 3. adapted translation  1.1翻译的条件 11.1掌握必要的翻译理论和技巧 语言学家吕叔湘说:“原稿纸旁放一词典, 又放一文法书,左顾右盼才写上一行,那 我们自不必去谈它”—这决算不上翻译  1.12加强英汉两种语言的修养、拓宽知识面 1.要努力提高汉语的修养,多读经典的著作,学 习地道规范汉语; 2要看一些英汉对照的文章 3.一篇原著最好找到两种以上的译本,进行对比, 从中学习。 如: White House “白宫”而不是“白房子” Foggy Bottom “雾谷”而不是“雾的尽头”(美国国务院)  1.1.3“译”精于勤( Practice makes perfect) 对原文的理解做到“三要” 1.正确理解原文词义 He sleeps late i shall not expect you until i see you Shed never again believe anything in trousers 2.要掌握与两种语言相关的文化背景知识 3.要弄清原文结构  译文表达做到“三不要” 1.不要逐字死译 i had not known you a month before l felt that you were the last man in the world whom I could ever be prevailed on to marry.( Pride and Prejudice) 我还没有认识你一个月,就觉得象你这样一个人 在天下男人中我最不愿意和他结婚的就是你。 我认识你还不到一个月的时候,就觉得哪怕我 辈子找不到男人,也休想让我嫁给你 2.不要使译文逻辑连贯失调 3.不要炫耀文笔  12背景知识与翻译 1.21历史背景 由于语言随社会的发展而发展,随社会的变化 而变化,同一词语在不同的历史时期往往具有 不尽相同的含义。如: curiously(好奇地)wife(妻子) dearest 仔细地 主妇 最痛恨的 一些词语的产生,伴有特定的时代背景。如: If that picture is genuine, Im a Dutchman! “如果那张画是真迹,我就不是人”  122地理环境 (1)英国的天气变化无常,阴雨天多,人们对天气 便产生了一种特殊的感觉,因而喜欢谈论天气。 Lovely weather. isnt it? 3 2)英国是一个典型的海洋国家,因而与海洋有关 的比喻和谚语就特别多。 如:“ drink like a fish, as close as an oyster 中国:东风送暖西风凛冽;而英国正好相反 carry