《基础医学各论II》课件：内分泌系统生理-甲状腺.pdfVIP

Endocrine Physiology (2) The Thyroid Gland 甲状腺 Huawei Liang, PhD E-mail: liang.huawei@ Anatomy of the thyroid gland • Located at anterior part of neck on either side of trachea – The thyroid gland straddles the esophagus, just below the larynx, in the neck. • One of the largest endocrine glands • Comprised of 2 lobes; 20 g wt • Rich in blood supply Thyroid Gland Follicle The Thyroid Hormones • Types • 90% of metabolically active hormones secreted by thyroid is thyroxine (T ), 10% is triiodothyronine (T ), and less than 1% is 4 3 rT3 • Thyroxine (T ) 4 – Major hormone released from thyroid follicles – Contains 4 iodine atoms – More abundant than T 3 – Synthesis occurs in follicular cell colloid via the combination of DIT + DIT • Triiodothyronine (T ) 3 – Generally formed from T4 by cleaving an iodine molecule (deiodinase in target cells) – 4 times more potent than T4 – Contains 3 iodine atoms – Synthesis occurs in the follicular cell colloid via the combination of DIT + MIT Biosynthesis of Thyroid Hormones • Materials - – Iodine 碘(in the form of iodide − I ) • 1mg/week, 50mg/year for thyroid hormone synthesis • Iodized table salt (1 sodium iodide/100,000 NaCl) – Tyrosine 酪氨酸 • Thyroglobulin (TG) 甲状腺球蛋白 • Process of synthesis – Iodine/iodide trapping • Sodium-Iodide smportor – Maintains thyroid/plasma ratio of 30:1 – Oxidation of iodide - • Pero