动词的时和体(2).pptVIP

Lecture 11 Tense and Aspect (I) Lecture 12 Tense and Aspect (II) Contents 12.1 Present Perfective Aspect English uses the present perfective aspect to talk about actions and states which start in the past but which have a link with the present. To talk about states and actions that started in the past and are still continuing in the present and possibly extending into the future as well. (×) He has come back for three days. He has been back for three days. (×) He has become a teacher for ten years. He has been a teacher for ten years. (×) We have got up for about two hours. We have been up for about two hours. (×) He has left home for over forty years. He has been away from home for over forty years. It is (has been) over forty years since he left home. He left home forty years ago. 12.2 Present Perfect Progressive Aspect The present perfect progressive expresses an action that recently stopped or is still going on, putting emphasis on the duration of the action. 12.3 Uses of Past Perfective Aspect We form the past perfect with had and a past participle, which is the same for all persons. - 12.4 Past Perfect Progressive Aspect We form the past perfect progressive with had been and the present participle: 12.5 More on the Use of Perfective Aspect There are a few more points that merit our attention concerning the use of the perfective aspect． Present Perfective Aspect 12.1 Present Perfect Progressive Aspect 12.2 Past Perfective Aspect 12.3 12.4 Past Perfect Progressive Aspect 2) Functions: 1) Verb Phrases 1. Finished actions but present results. Adverbs of already, ever, just, lately, never, recently, seldom, so far, yet, and still are often used with this use. “Have they announced the date yet?” “No, they still haven’t made up their mind.” Has the government put up the minimum wage? Has the sport centre increased its membership fees lately? I’ve just made a nice pot of tea. Would you like a cup? has written he/she/it ha