动词不定式既有动词的性质.docVIP

动词不定式 动词不定式既有动词的性质，又有名词的性质。它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语。它在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语、同位语等。动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。如: Jim told me not to wake up Kate.吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特。 一、不定式作主语。动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： 1、把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. 2、用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，如： （1）It＋be＋名词＋to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. （2）It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work? （3）It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to do 表示事物特征或客观情况的形容词， 如：easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, necessary, better; the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough等； Its easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了 It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. （4）It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do 表示赞扬或批评的形容词， 如：careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave等 It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. Its very kind of him to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。 （5）It seems(appears)＋形容词＋to do It seemed impossible to save money. 二、接不定式和动名词的动词 1、使役动词 let, have, make接不带to的不定式作宾补 如： Let him do it. 让他做吧 2、感官动词（“两听”、“五看”、“一感觉”）see, watch, look at, notice , hear, listen to, feel, find 接 do表示动作的完整性，真实性 接 doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性。如： I saw him work in the garden yesterday. (强调我看见了这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. (强调我见他正干活这个动作) 3、只跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, would like , need, ask, tell, hope, wish, learn, try, plan, decide, agree,等。 4、接不带to不定式的结构有: had better, would you please, will you please， Why not ， You had better have a look at this picture. Would you please tell me about your family ? 5、help，find后接带to或不带to的不定式都可以，即help do sth 或help to do sth 6、接动名词的动词有： (1)finish ,enjoy ,keep ,practice ,mind, (2)词组：look forward to， pay attention to，?be used to?，be busy doing，keep on doing, prefer…to…, give up , be afraid of , be proud of, instead of, be interested in doing , s