1-2 Description of English Speech Sounds数字时代的商务英语写作.pdf

Unit 1 Introduction 1.2 Description of English Speech Sounds 1. Course Description Basic concepts of phonetics The study of how speech sounds are produced ，how they can be classified and how they differ from each other is called phonetics . 5. Phonetic transcription Phonetic transcriptions Phonetic transcriptions (音标) are usually written on the basis of the International Phonetic Alphabet (国际音标) (IPA), in which each English sound has its own symbol. go → /ɡəʊ/ do → /du :/ 5. Phonetic transcription Broad transcription Broad transcription (宽式标音) uses one symbol to illustrate one phoneme, and is normally used in dictionaries and textbooks. In broad transcription, a phoneme is illustrated between the slashes (/ /). 5. Phonetic transcription Phonetic transcriptions / lɪtəl/ (broad transcription) /l/ [ lɪtɫ] (narrow transcription)̩ (dark / velarized 模糊/软腭化) 6. Phoneme and allophone Minimal pairs When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two words are said to form a minimal pair (最小对立对)． beat /bi:t/ bit /bɪt/ p ill ― bill bet /bet/ p ill ― till bat /bæt/ till ― kill boot /bu:t/ kill ― dill but /bʌt/ dill ― gill