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The Abstract Section of a Research
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Five moves in an abstract
3. Reading practice
1. Introduction
An abstract is a brief summary of the key points of a
research article, thesis, review, report, proposal,
conference proceeding, or any in-depth analysis of a
particular subject. Positioned at the beginning of a paper,
the abstract is usually the first thing that individuals
read and, as such, decide whether to continue reading. It
is also what is most accessed by search engines and
researchers conducting their own literature reviews
(Dan W. Butin, The Education Dissertation, 2010).
2.Five moves in an abstract
• Move 1: background
• Move 2: problem
• Move 3: methods
• Move 4: results
• Move 5: conclusions
Move 1:background
•the background and context to the study
•its rationale and significance
•unsolved problems
Move 2: the research problem in the
study
•the particular research problem under
investigation
•the purpose of the study
•any specific research objectives or
hypotheses
Move 3:methods
•the approach the methods used to
investigate the problem
•the extent of the study
•what was done or measured
•how was it done
•the location of the study
•when it was performed
Move 4: results
•important data
•the major findings
Move 5: conclusions
•the implications of the results
•gaps remaining further study
•future research directions
Always five moves in an abstract?
3. Reading practice 1: With 5 moves
(1)Rural household energy use for cooking and
heating is an important source of air pollutants in
China, as it affects both human health and climate
change (current
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