文章结构解析教师版.docVIP

三类篇章结构题的出题方式 1. 结构识辨: 此类组织结构题要求考生能够识别文章、段落的组织结构或行文方式。 结构识辨类组织结构题常见的题干表述方式如下： ●How is the text organized? ●The author develops the passage mainly by________. ●The text is mainly developed in the order of________. ●Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? 2. 组织结构功能: 此类组织结构题要求考生判断文章或段落组织结构的功能、作用，其常见的题干表述方式如下： ●The author quoted …words in... paragraph in order to make the article________. 3. 结构推测: 此类组织结构题要求考生能够根据文章或段落的组织结构、行文方式或段落内容推测文章前后未呈现的写作内容。其常见的题干表述方式如下： ●What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? ●Which of the following do you think has been discussed in the part before this selection? 二、 解题策略 考查组织结构的文章通常行文组织结构都比较清晰、规范，因此，具备文体、写作方式和文章组织结构方面的相关知识对于有效解答此类题目具有至关重要的作用。 1. 记叙文可以采取以时间为序、以地点为序、以故事情节发展为序（开端、发展、高潮、结局）等叙事方式进行写作。以故事情节为序又可以不按照时间的先后顺序叙述，如先写结局，再写其他，最后写高潮，这种叙事手法叫做倒叙。 2. 议论文总体上可以分为四类： 第一类 “提出论点——分论点一——分论点二——分论点三……——结论”； 第二类 “引入段——导出论点——分点论述——结论”； 第三类 “提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”； 第四类 “提出反面观点——批驳反面观点——提出正面观点”。 3. 说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、作比较等说明方式进行写作，而这些说明方法都是为了使文章要说明的内容或问题更加清晰明了、真实可信，或者更具说服力。 例一：2016年高考北京卷 Why College Is Not Home The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities. For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home. To prepare for increased