Chap_19收入与歧视经济学原理.pptVIP

Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright ? 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. Measuring Labor-Market Discrimination 劳动市场歧视的衡量 People differ in the amount of human capital they have and in the kinds of work they are willing and able to do. 人们拥有的 人力资本 量以及能够并愿 意从事的工作种类不同。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright ? 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. Measuring Labor-Market Discrimination 劳动市场歧视的衡量 Simply observing differences in wages among broad groups – white and black, men and women – says little about the prevalence of discrimination. 简单地观察不同群体 — 白人与黑人、 男人与女人 — 之间的工资差别并没有 说明歧视的普遍性。 Table 2 Median Annual Earnings by Race and Sex Copyright?2004 South-Western Table 2. 不同种族与性别的平均收入 Copyright?2004 South-Western 男人 38 870 美元 30 403 美元 22 ％ 女人 28 080 美元 25 107 美元 11 ％ 女人工资低 28 ％ 17 ％ （百分比） 注释： 2000 年数据。 白种人 黑种人 黑种人收入低（百分比） Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright ? 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. Measuring Labor-Market Discrimination Because the differences in average wages among groups in part reflect differences in human capital and job characteristics, they do not by themselves say anything about how much discrimination there is in the labor market. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright ? 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. 劳动市场歧视的衡量 由于不同群体之间平均工资的差别部分 反映了人力资本和工作特性的差别，这 些差别本身对劳动市场上有多大歧视并 没有说明什么。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright ? 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. Discrimination by Employers 雇主的歧视行为 Firms that do not discriminate will have lower labor costs when they hire the employees discriminated against. 当不进行歧视的企业雇佣受歧视的雇员 时，这些企业的劳动成本更低。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright ? 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. Discrimination by Employers 雇主的歧视行为 Nondiscriminatory firms will tend to replace firms that discriminate. 不进行歧视的企业取代了进行 歧视的企业。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright ? 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. Discrimination by Employers u Competitive markets tend to limit the impact of discrimination on wages. u Firms that do not discriminate will be