Chapter2MNCtheories跨国公司管理-北外.pptVIP

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Chapter 2 MNC theories FDI Outflows 1982-1998 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 82- 86 87- 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 2 $ Billions 6-5 Figure 6.1 Growth of FDI, World Trade and World Output 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 FDI World Output World Trade 6-6 Figure 6.2 What should a MNC theory tell us? ? Motivation ? Pattern Outline ? Capital arbitrage ? Monopolistic Advantage ? Oligopolistic reaction ? Internalization Theory ? Eclectic theory ? The Product Life Cycle ? Discussion: new development and explanation FDI vs Portfolio Investment 6-3 Flow vs Stock of FDI ? Flow : Amount of FDI over a period of time (one year). ? Stock : Total accumulated value of foreign owned assets at a given point in time. 6-4 Two Forms of FDI ? Horizontal Direct Investment ? in the same industry ? Vertical Direct Investment ? Backward forward 6-17 2-1 Capital arbitrage ? Background ? Profitability / Interest rate ? Capital-abundant — capital-scarce countries ? Large financial MNCs ? Portfolio investment and FDI — same direction ? deficiency 2-2 Monopolistic Advantage ? Stephen H.Hymer ? 《 International Operations of National Firms: A Study of Direct Foreign Investment 》 ? Background 2-2 Monopolistic Advantage ? Technological Advantage ? managerial skills ? Input Advantage ? Market Advantage 2-2 Monopolistic Advantage ? FDI vs Portfolio investment ? Market imperfection 2-2 Deficiency ? FDI launched by developing countries ? FDI vs export or licensing ? More competitive industries ? location 2-3 Oligopolistic reaction ? F.T.Knichkerbocker1970s 2-4 Internalization Theory ? 1937 Coarse The Nature of the Firms ? Governance ? Opportunism ? Transaction-specific Investment ? Site specificity, physical asset specificity, human asset specificity Market G Intermediate G Hierarchical G transaction cost administration cost 2-4 Internalization Theory ? Peter.J.Buckley Mark.C.Casson 1976 ? semi finished product--information ? non-rivalr

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