细胞生物学英文课件：细胞核V1.pptxVIP

Cell nucleus and Chromosomes;History;Introduction of nucleus;The prominent structure in the nucleus is the nucleolus. The nucleolus produces ribosomes, which move out of the nucleus to rough endoplasmic reticulum.;There are three main types of instructions the nucleus does. The first is that it directs cellular reproduction. The second is that the nucleus controls a cells differentiation. The third type of instruction of the nucleus is that it regulates the metabolic activities of the cell. ;Generally, nucleus is spherical and centrally located in the cell. Its volume is about 10% of that of the cell and its diameter is 5-10um. Usually each cell has a single nucleus, whereas some cells such as osteoclasts possess several nuclei. Still other cells as red blood cells have extruded their nuclei. ;Constituents of the nucleus: ;Structure of the nucleus:;Section I Nuclear envelope;Two-membrane structure;(I) structure of nuclear envelope;1. Outer nuclear membrane;2. Inner nuclear membrane;3. Perinuclear space; 4 Nuclear pore ;Pore size is variable according to the cell types and tissue In general 40 - 100 nm Numbers of pores in given area low in cells with slow metabolism and at times of low activity during cell cycle high in cells after cell division and with higher activity of RNA transport and protein synthesis;Nuclear pore density of numbers of the nuclear pores per nucleus;Nuclear pore complex (NPC);;Structure of Nuclear pore complex;;i Cytoplasmic ring Because it face to cytoplasm It was also called outer ring. There are 8 symmetric thick filaments distribute on the ring. It is suggested that these filaments may act as a staging area for the binding of the proteins that are to be transported into the nucleus.;ii nuclear ring It face to the inner of the nucleus, and was also called inner ring. Nuclear ring was more complex than outer ring. There are also 8 filaments extend inside to 50-70nm. It formed a little ring on the bottom of the filament