生理学教学课件：nervous system part 3 - motor function.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Putamen Caudate GPi GPe 1. Corpus Striatum(纹状体） Caudate Nucleus （尾状核） Putamen (壳核） Globus Pallidus (苍白球，GP) Components of Basal Ganglia 2. Substantia Nigra （SN） Pars Compacta (SNc) Pars Reticulata (SNr) Components of Basal Ganglia 3. Subthalamic Nucleus (STN) STN SN (r c) Basal Ganglia Connections Circuit of connections cortex to basal ganglia to thalamus to cortex Helps to program automatic movement sequences (walking and arm swinging or laughing at a joke) Output from basal ganglia to reticular formation reduces muscle tone damage produces rigidity of Parkinson’s disease excitation inhibition direct indirect D1 D2 D1 D2 Dopamine receptors somatosensory cortices Thalamus Putamen GPe GPi STN SNc motor cortices cortex to basal ganglia to thalamus to cortex GPe/i: Globus pallidus internal/external STN: Subthalamus Nucleus SNc: Pars Compacta (part of substantia Nigra) Direct Pathway: Disinhibition of the thalamus facilitates cortically mediated behaviors excitation inhibition direct indirect D1 D2 D1 D2 Dopamine receptors somatosensory cortices Thalamus Putamen GPe GPi STN SNc motor cortices GPe/i: Globus pallidus internal/external STN: Subthalamus Nucleus SNc: Pars Compacta (part of substantia nigra)) Indirect pathway: Inhibition of the thalamus inhibits cortically mediated behaviors excitation inhibition direct indirect D1 D2 D1 D2 Dopamine receptors somatosensory cortices Thalamus Putamen GPe GPi STN SNc motor cortices GPe/i: Globus pallidus internal/external STN: Subthalamus Nucleus SNc: Pars Compacta (part of substantia nigra) Medical Remarks Hypokinetic disorders result from overactivity in the indirect pathway. example: Decreased level of dopamine supply in nigrostriatal pathway results in akinesia, bradykinesia, and rigidity in Parkinson’s diseas