医学细胞生物学：第二篇 细胞的结构与功能.pptVIP

2. 重症肌无力（myasthenia gravis) 自身免疫疾病， 体内产生了抗N-Ach 受体的抗体。 2. 重症肌无力（myasthenia gravis) 自身免疫疾病， 体内产生了抗N-Ach 受体的抗体。 3. 癌变和细胞表面的关系 （1） 接触抑制丧失 （2）细胞的组成异常 膜脂的改变：Gm3 Gd3 膜蛋白的改变 （3）抗原性的改变 （4）与外源性凝集素的反应 小结： 组成 模型 小分子物质的运输 大分子物质的运输 被动运输 主动运输（载体介导运输） 自由扩散 离子通道 载体介导的易化扩散 离子泵 协同运输 symport antiport excytosis endocytosis phagocytosis pinocytosis Receptor mediated endocytosis 细胞表面： 细胞外被（cell coat）或糖萼（ glycocalyx） 细胞表面的特化结构 microvillus Cillia or flagella Ruffle or lamellipodium 细胞膜与疾病 钙泵 2. 离子驱动的协同运输 Cotransport: coupled transport A special kind of active transport Two molecules travel together, one as a passenger, the other as a driver. The driver diffuses down its electrochemical gradient, but it cannot do so unless it has the passenger. ATP is not directly involved, but it sets up the electrochemical gradient used to propel the driver. Symport ??The passenger and the driver are transported in the same direction. ??Na-glucose symport takes place in the intestine, from the gut lumen to the insides of the cells lining the gut. Antiport The driver and passenger travel in opposite directions. Na+-H+ exchange carrier Cl--HCO3- exchanger The energy of ATP may be used directly or indirectly. Direct Active Transport. Some transporters bind ATP directly and use the energy of its hydrolysis to drive active transport. Indirect Active Transport. Other transporters use the energy already stored in the gradient of a directly-pumped ion. Direct active transport of the ion establishes a concentration gradient. When this is relieved by facilitated diffusion, the energy released can be harnessed to the pumping of some other ion or molecule. 第三节 大分子和颗粒物质 的跨膜运输 Endocytosis Exocytosis 一. 胞吞作用 （一） 吞噬作用 phagocytosis A. Phagocytosis Cell eating: cells engulf particles with pseudopodia and pinches off a food vacuole. Two examples: 1. White Blood Cell 2. Amoeba White Blood Cell Bacteria Phagocytosis: The uptake of large particles Including: macromolecules, cell debris, even micro