生物化学教学课件：Chapter9 Metabolism of Amino Acid.pptVIP

Essential amino acids Putrefaction of protein One-carbon units Key Terms Essential amino acids：Amino acids that can not be synthesized by human body and must be supplied in the diet to meet the bodys metabolic needs, including Val, Ile, Leu, Thr, Met, Lys, Phe, Trp. Putrefaction of protein: The decomposition of the unabsorbed proteins or peptides by anaerobic bacteria in the large intestine is termed putrefaction. The resulting products are mostly toxic (amine, ammonia, phenol, indole and sulfureted hydrogen), most of which are excreted in feces. One-carbon units: One-carbon units are groups including one carbon atom which are produced by AA catabolism and carried by tetrahydrofolate, for example: methyl group, methylene group, methenyl group, formyl group and formimino group. One-carbon units take part in the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine. Key Terms 1.Physiological functions of protein 1) Important components of tissue and cell Maintaining the growth、renewal and repairment of tissue cells. 2) Performing biological activities Protein can acts as enzymes、hormones、hemoglobins、antibodies etc. 3) Oxidation for providing energy (as fuels) Protein can be oxidized to CO2+H2O and release energy. Nitrogen balance: The relationship between nitrogen intake and nitrogen loss in one day. (1) Normal nitrogen balance: Nitrogen intake equals nitrogen loss. (2) Positive nitrogen balance: Nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen loss. (3) Negative nitrogen balance: Nitrogen intake is less than nitrogen loss. * The Complementary of dietary protein. Cereal: Lys Trp Bean: Lys Trp * * * * * * * * * * * Summary 1. Material: 2NH3 (free NH3, Asp), CO2 2. Process: first in MIT then in cytosol 3. Energy: The synthesis of one molecule of urea requires four high-energy phosphate groups. 2NH3 + CO2 + 3ATP + H2O urea+2ADP+ AMP+4Pi Arginine ? ? (AGA) Regulation of CPS- I The urea synthesis converts toxic ammonia to nontoxic urea.