流体力学与传热 ：1-3-6 Macroscopic Momentum Balances.pptVIP

we find that 1.4-16 Also, 1.4-17 Velocity Profiles in Pipes Figure is a plot of the relative distance from the center of the pipe versus the ratio of local velocity to maximum velocity u/umax. For laminar flow, the velocity profile is a true parabola. The velocity at the wall is zero. In many engineering applications the average velocity V in a pipe is the most useful. In some cases only the umax at the center point of the tube is measured. The relationship between umax and V can be used to determine V. experimentally measured values of V/umax are plotted as a function of the Reynolds numbers The average velocity is precisely 0.5 times the maximum velocity at the center for laminar flow. On the other hand, for turbulent flow, the curve is somewhat flattened in the center and the average velocity is about 0.8 times the maximum. This value of 0.8 varies slightly, depending upon the Reynolds number。 The liquid layer has a free surface and flows in laminar flow under the force of gravity over a vertical surface, the velocity profile is ( ) Average velocity is ( ) Problem 1 The average velocity is ( ) times the maximum velocity at the center of tube for laminar flow. The average velocity is ( ) times the maximum velocity at center for turbulent flow The maximum value of the momentum flux occurs ( ) for a laminar flow. The maximum value of the velocity occurs ( ) for a fluid flow in pipe. In laminar flow the velocity distribution with respect to radius is ( ) with the apex at the centerline of the pipe The pressure drop is ( ) to the average velocity for the laminar flow Problem Water (?=0.001 Pas, ?=1000 kg/m3) passes through a pipe of diameter di=0.001 m with the average velocity 1 m/s, as shown in Figure. 1) What is the pressure drop –?P when water flows through the pipe length L