微生物学：charpter6生长.pptVIP

D. Death Phase (Decline Phase) Period in which the cells are dying at an exponential rate. 3. The mathematics of Growth a. Mean growth rate constant (k) is the number of generations per unit time, often expressed as generations per hour. b. Mean generation (doubling) time (g) is the time required for the population to double. These observations can be expressed as equations for the generation time. Let N0 = the initial population number Nt = the population at time t n = the number of generation in time t Then inspection of results in table 6.1 will show that Nt = N0×2n Solving for n, the number of generations, where all logarithms are to the base 10, log Nt = log N0＋ n·log 2, and n = log Nt - log N0 log 2 = log Nt - log N0 0.301 The rate of growth during the exponential phase in a batch culture can be expressed in terms of mean growth rate constant (k). This is the number of generation per unit time, often expressed as the generation per hour. k = n t = log Nt - log N0 0.301t The time it takes a population to double in size—that is, the mean generation time or mean doubling time (g),can now be calculated. If the population doubles (t=g), then Nt =2 N0 Substitute 2N0 into the mean growth rate equation and solve for k. k = log (2N0) - log N0 0.301g = Log2＋log N0 - log N0 0.301g k = 1 g The mean generation time is the reciprocal of the mean growth rate constant. g = 1 k The mean generation time can be determined directly from a semilogarithmic plot of the growth data (see follow figure) and the growth rate constant calculated from g value. The generation time also may be calculated directly from the previous equations. For example, suppose that a bacterial population increase from 103 cells to 109 cells in 10 hours. 9 - 3 3.01hr = = k = log 109 - log 103 0.301(10hr) 2.0 generations/hr g = 1 2.0gen./hr = 0.5hr/gen. or 30min/gen. Generation times vary markedly with the species of microorganisms and environmental conditions. They range from less than 10 m