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General Microbiology Chapter V Microbial Nutrition Ⅱ Facilitated diffusion 1 Concept Similar to the Passive Diffusion, except that a carrier aids the diffusion process. 2 Characteristics aids by the carrier faster than Passive Diffusion Require no energy No structure changed Ⅲ Active Transport Characteristics with the help of carrier faster than Passive Diffusion and Facilitated diffusion Require energy No structure changed Ⅳ Group Translocation 1 Concept A process in which a molecule is transported into the cell while being chemically altered. 2 Characteristics with the help of carrier faster than Passive Diffusion and Facilitated diffusion Require energy structure of the substrates changed * * The whole of nature, as has been said, is a conjugation of the verb to eat, in the active and passive. ———William Ralph Inge Concept Nutrition Nutrient Substances used in biosynthesis and energy production and therefore are required for microbes. The physiological function that organisms absorb energy and materials from external environment to grow and reproduce. SectionⅠ The Nutrient Requirements Ⅰ The composition of microbial cells 1 Chemical elements Macronutrients and Micronutrients Macroelements or macronutrients (required in relatively large amounts) C O H N S P K Ca Fe Mg Components of carbohydrates, lipids, protein and nucleic acids exist in the cell as cations and play a variety of roles Micronutrients or trace elements (needed by most cells, but in such small amount that contaminants in water, glassware, and regular media components often adequate for growth) Mn Zn Co Mo Ni Cu are normally a part of enzymes and cofactors, and they aid in the catalysis of reactions and maintenance of protein structure. Particular requirements Influence of cultural condition A balanced mixture of nutrients required Such as Diatoms need silica acid (H4SiO4) to construct their beautiful cell walls of silica