微生物学：Chapter 5 The Viruses听课用.pptVIP

General Microbiology;Introduction;Ⅰ The Discovery of Virus and Early Development of Virology;1882, described the tobacco mosaic disease as a soluble, possibly enzyme-like contagium.; 1884 Charles Chamberland, porcelain bacterial filter .; 1892 Dimitri Ivanowski published studies showing that leef extracts from infected plants would induce tobacco mosaic disease even after filtration to remove bacteria.;1898~1900 M. W Beijerinck published the results of extensive studies of tobacco mosaic disease.;1898 Friedrich Lueftler and Paul Frosch found that the hoof and mouth disease of cattle was also caused by a filterable virus rather than by a toxin.;1900 Walter Reed showed that the yellow fever disease, a human disease was due to a filterable virus that was transmitted by mosquitoes. ;1908 Vilhelm Ellermann and Oluf Bang (in Copenhagen) reported that Leukemia could be transmitted between chickens by cell-free filtrates and was probably caused by a virus.;1911 Peyton Rous discovered a virus that caused cancer in chickens. It was decades before the scientific community accepted this finding, which was acknowledged with a Nobel Prize in 1966. ;1915~1917 Felix DHerelle and F. W. Twort discovered bacterial viruses.;1935 W. M. Stanley announced that he had crystallized the TMV and found it to be largely or completely protein.; 1935 F. C. Barden and Norman W. Pirie separated the TMV virus particles into protein and nucleic acid.;Ⅱ Concept; Viruses are simple, acellular entities consisting of one or more molecules of either DNA or RNA enclosed in a coat of protein (and sometimes, in addition, substances such as lipids and carbohydrates). They can reproduce only within living cells and are obligately intracellular parasites.;Ⅲ genreal Properties of Viruses;Acellular organisms;Section I Virus（Euvirus）;Size;最大的病毒 —— 牛痘苗病毒 （smallpox,200nm）;最小的病毒 —— 脊髓灰质炎病毒 （polio virus, 28nm）;;;Shape;2 Chemical Composition of Virus;A. Nucleic acid;b. DNA Viruses;c. RNA Vir