欧盟布鲁塞尔体系下违反协议的损害赔偿救济-国际私法论文-国际法论文-法学论文.docxVIP

欧盟布鲁塞尔体系下违反协议的损害赔偿救济-国际私法论文-国际法论文-法学论文 ——文章均为WORD文档，下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印—— 　　摘 要：　对违反选择法院协议的情形适用损害赔偿救济的做法, 萌芽并发展于以英国为代表的少数国家。这一救济措施有利于保障选择法院协议的有效性, 符合现代国际民商事诉讼制度在协议管辖问题上的发展趋势。然而, 损害赔偿救济在国际范围内的广泛采纳和适用也面临着选择法院协议性质界定上的法理障碍、解决经典国际私法问题和实体法技术性问题以及国际礼让原则与既判力原则的挑战。在欧盟布鲁塞尔区域统一民商事诉讼体系中, 这种依赖和强调多边司法合作的制度框架所要求的各成员国法院相互信任原则, 以及各成员国法院应承认与执行其他成员国法院判决的义务, 也对损害赔偿救济在违反选择法院协议上的适用构成了难以忽视的法律障碍。 　　关键词：　选择法院协议; 损害赔偿; 欧盟布鲁塞尔体系; 国际民商事诉讼; 　　Abstract：　The awarding damages for breach of choice-of-court agreements is a newly developed practice in the common law countries. It can strengthen the validity of choice-of-court agreements and thereby falls in line with the unmistakable trend of upholding party autonomy in modern international civil litigation. However, the universal recognition and adoption of this remedy may be faced with the challenges of coordinating this remedy with the underlying nature of the choice-of-court agreements in the relevant legal system, resolving classic private international law problems and substantive technical difficulties as well as the potential conflict with the principle of comity and res judicata. under the EU Brussels jurisdiction and judgments regime, a system which heavily relies on the multilateral judicial cooperation by its member states, the all-important mutual trust principle and the obligation to respect other member states judgments could also prove to be inescapable obstacles for the application of the damages remedy on the EU level. 　　Keyword：　choice-of-court agreements; damages remedy; EU Brussels Regime; international civil and commercial litigation; 　　一、引言 　　在现代国际民商事诉讼制度的发展中, 保障和加强当事人之间选择法院协议的有效性已是一个确定无疑的潮流。1对于国际民商事法律关系当事人而言, 有效执行反映他们真实管辖法院合意的协议, 也常常关系到他们的切实利益。2通常, 对于选择法院协议的执行, 主要依赖于被选法院以当事人之间存在有效的选择法院协议为依据行使管辖权, 同时非被选法院以相同的理由中止或驳回其本国相关诉讼。如果一方当事人违反选择法院协议在非被选法院提起诉讼的, 另一方当事人常常或是只能在普通法系国家的法院中申请签发禁诉令, 3或是不得不等到判决承认与执行阶段再请求有关国家的法院拒绝承认与执行非被选法院所作出的判决。4不难发现, 这些方式所能够提供的救济效果有时是较为有限的。于是, 在国际民商事诉讼中能否对违反选择法院协议的情形适用损害赔偿救济, 就成为国际私法理论与实践中一个亟待解决的问题。