熟练运用构词法,破解猜测词义题.docVIP

精品文档，助力人生，欢迎关注小编！ 熟练运用构词法,破解猜测词义题 构词法是《考试说明》中要求学生必须掌握的24个语法项目之一，猜测词义题也是高考阅读理解必考的类型。在解答高考题时，同学们如果能够熟练运用构词法知识，通过合成、派生、转化等方法，灵活运用猜词技巧，就不难猜出那些所谓的“生词”的意义。下面，我们结合高考试题来看个究竟。 一、运用合成法解题 1.（20XX·全国II）The way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures（文化）． 根据合成词中的high（高的）和light（灯光），我们可以推测highlight的意思是“强光”，在此，它又转化为一个动词，与differences搭配，即“突出，强调”之意，所以选D“draws attention to”。 2. （20XX·全国卷Ⅱ）But the truth is that you can have last night’s leftovers in the a.m. if you want to. 根据合成词中的left（剩下的）和over（过量），我们可以推测leftovers的意思是“剩饭”的意思即“food remaining after a meal”。 二、运用派生法解题 1.（20XX·重庆）When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can’t achieve something. Then, there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. 根据词根traction（牵引;吸引），结合否定前缀dis-，我们便可以猜出distractions的意思是：“分心,分散注意力的事物”，所以，distractions指“Activities that turn ones attention away.”。 2.（20XX全国卷I）The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater. 根据构词知识可知，该词的词根是fix，含有“固定”之意，所以这种很畅销的新型菠萝是健康饮食人士购物筐中的fixture即必选品“that is always present”。 3.(20XX广东卷)After just a few days on the job, I began noticing that the other fellows were overcharging passengers. charge(收费、要价)，前缀over-的意思“过多、过分”，所以，可推知overcharge是“索价太高”之意。 三、运用转化法解题 1.（20XX·江西）New archaeological discovers suggest that trade between Europe and Asia along the Silk Road probably began in some form many countries earlier than once thought. The findings, coupled with a widening range of scientific and historical research, could add a fascinating new page to the epic of the Silk Road. 名词couple转化成动词。分析语境可知，新的考古发现表明历史上的欧亚之间的丝绸之路开始的历史要比我们知道的还早。考古的发现结合科学和历史的研究，会给丝绸之路的历史翻开崭新的一页。因此该句中coupled应译为 “连接;结合;把...拴在一起”之意，可被combined代替。 2.（20XX·福建）Fly to the great city of shanghai and in the evening sample traditional shanghai food. 名词sample “标本，样品”转化为动词“取...