句子成分及非谓语动词.docxVIP

. 句子成分 : 主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语 一、主语 : 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体 ,一般位于句首。但在 there be 结构、疑问句 (当主语不是疑问词时 )和倒装句中 ,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如 : During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. ( 名词 ) We often speak English in class. ( 代词 ) One-third of the students in this class are girls. ( 数词 ) To swim in the river is a great pleasure. ( 不定式短语 ) Smoking does harm to the health. ( 动名词 ) The rich should help the poor. ( 名词化的形容词 ) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. ( 主语 从句 ) It is necessary to master a foreign language. (it 作形式主语 ,真正的主语为后面的不定式 ) It is reported that 5000 people were killed in the earthquake. (it 作形式主 语 ,真正的主语为后面的主语从句 ) 二、谓语 : 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语 ,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下 : He practices running every morning. （动词或动词短语） You may keep the book for two weeks. （情态动词 +V 原） He has caught a bad cold. （助动词 +V） ;.. . We are students. （系动词 +表语） 三、表语 : 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态 ,它一般位于系动词 (如 be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容 词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如 : Our teacher of English is an American. ( 名词 ) Is it yours? ( 代词 ) The weather has turned cold. ( 形容词 ) The speech is exciting. ( 分词 ) Three times seven is twenty one? ( 数词 ) His job is to teach English. ( 不定式 ) His hobby ( 爱好) is playing football.( 动名词 ) The machine must be out of order. ( 介词短语 ) Time is up. The class is over. ( 副词 ) The truth is that he has never been abroad. ( 表语从句 ) 四、宾语 : 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者 , 一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 They went to see an exhibition( 展览 ) yesterday. ( 名词 ) The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. ( 代词 ) How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. ( 数词 ) They helped the old with their housework yesterday. ( 名词化形容词 ) He pretended not to see me. ( 不定式短语 ) ;.. . I enjoy listening to popular music. ( 动名词短语 ) I think (that) he is not suitable for this post. ( 宾语从句 ) Lend me( 间接宾语 ) your dictionary( 直接宾语 ), please. ( 双宾语 ) They elected him( 宾语 ) their monitor( 宾补 ). ( 复合宾语 ) 五、宾语补足