嵇康“外道内儒”思想成因及文学体现分析.docxVIP

嵇康“外道内儒”思想成因及文学体现分析     　　摘 要 　　嵇康外道内儒;思想的文学体现 　　嵇康作为魏晋时期著名的文学家，常常在作品中表现出对神仙生活的钦慕与向往，体现出了一种积极脱离世俗的道家情怀。然而在细读文本的过程中，我们发现，他的这种道家情怀只是作为其躲避世俗烦恼的一种精神寄托，其内在的对儒家思想的热忱与喜爱才是他文学创作的深层内涵。 　　嵇康生活在曹魏政权末期，战乱与权力机构的不断重新组合使得传统的儒学名教遭遇发展的危机。统治者在违背儒学礼教人伦之后，却又树立起名教;的大旗，使之作为他们权力合法化的手段以及丑陋行径的遮羞布;。一些士人也纷纷打着名教;的旗号，争夺名利，实际上他们是将真正的儒学名教异化、扭曲，毁之殆尽。嵇康作为儒学名教的忠实维护者，面对此种现实，只得通过高声呐喊越名教任自然;，以表达自己对名教;不复以往的慨叹，通过高亮任性、肆意山林的行为来掩饰自己内心的痛楚。 　　文学作品是窥探一个人内心世界的窗口，嵇康的诗文创作给了我们一个打开他内心世界的机会。我们从他的《琴赋》中看出了他对儒家礼乐教化思想的认同；从他的《卜疑》中看出了他对现实的关注；从他的《家戒》中，看出了他对儿女的嘱托与关怀；从他的《五言赠秀才诗》以及《思亲诗》中看到了他对家人的情深；从《与吕长悌绝交书》和《与山巨源绝交书》中看出了他对传统儒家忠、孝、义的坚守与维护。这些潜藏在文字背后的真情实感总的来说就是对儒学礼教的遵从和爱护。因此，本文主要从嵇康的诗文创作入手，从追求自然与难舍俗世、逃离官场与政治关怀、嘲讽礼教与行为遵守、追求长寿与舍生取义四个方面，对其外显性的道家思想以及内隐性的儒家思想进行对比剖析，重点发掘他隐藏在追求神仙自然思想背后的无奈，以及对现实、对俗世伦理的热切之心。  　　关键词：魏晋；嵇康；儒学；道家 　　Abstract 　　As a famous writer in Wei Jin Dynasty, Ji Kang often showed his admiration andlonging for the life of immortals in his works, and he showed a kind of Taoist feelingsthat were actively separated from the world However, in the process of perusing thetext, we found that his Taoist sentiment is only a kind of spiritual sustenance to escapefrom the vulgar troubles His inner enthusiasm and love for Confucianism is the deepconnotation of his literary creation 　　Ji Kang lived in the late period of the Cao Wei regime The constant regroupingof war and power institutions has caused the traditional Confucianism education toface a crisis of development After the rulers violated Confucianism, they establishedthe banner of famous education; as a means of legitimizing their power and a figleaf; of ugly behavior Some scholars also clamored for the fame and fortune with thename of famous education; In fact, they distorted and distorted the true Confucianteachings As a faithful defender of Confucianism, Fukang had to shout aloud toreduce the name and teach nature in order to express his own lament for thefamous religion in the face of this reality The behavior of the