欧亚种葡萄引种中国的若干历史问题探究.docVIP

欧亚种葡萄引种中国的若干历史问题探 究 何红中李鑫鑫 南京农业大学中华农业文明研究院塔里木大学历史 与哲学学院 摘要： 欧亚种葡萄约于公元前6000年首先驯化和栽培于地中海东岸至高加索地区。中 亚最早欧亚种栽培葡萄出现在公元前3000年左右的梅尔伽赫、纳玛兹加徳佩、 沙赫里索克塔等地。随后在青铜时代中晚期，主要经阿姆河流域向各地传播，东 至天山西部的费尔干纳盆地。虽然从青铜吋代晚期至战国吋期，由费尔干纳盆地 到吐鲁番地域存在考古资料的缺环，但据其它考古资料以及相应的人群迁徙历 史，推断欧亚种葡萄约在公元前2千纪末期通过“欧亚草原”与“绿洲”两条 通道传入新疆。目前，吐鲁番盆地出土的战国欧亚种葡萄藤蔓、种籽是其传入中 国最可靠的依据。印欧人群东徙带来的文化动力、绿洲农业发展提供的技术动力 以及东西向山水通道的交通条件，则是推动其东传的最主要因素。 关键词： 葡萄;传播;新疆;中亚; 作者简介：何红中（1979-），男，南京农业大学中华农业文明研究院副教授, 硕士生导师，主要研究方向为农业史、农业文化遗产保护； 作者简介：李鑫鑫（1987-）,男，塔里木大学历史与哲学学院助理研究员，主 要研究方向为新疆历史文化、农业史。 收稿日期:2017-05-28 基金：南京农业大学一塔里木大学中央高校基木科研业务费青年教师开放科研基 金项目（NNTDLH1504, KYLH201503） Some Historical Issues on the Introduction of the Eurasian Grape into China LI Xin-xin HE Hong-zhong School of History and Philosophy, Tarim University; Institution of Chinese Agricultural Civilization, Nanjing Agricultural University; Abstract： The Eurasian grape (Vtis.Vinifera. L) was first domesticated and cultivated from the eas tern Med it erranean coast to the Caucasus about 6, 000 years ago, while the remains of earliest cultivated Eurasian grapes were founded at Mehrgarh, Namazga~depe, Shahr~e Sukhteh and so on before 3, 000 BC Then in the late Bronze Age, the Eurasian grape mainly spread to other places along the Amul River, east to the Fergana Basin in Western Tianshan Mountains. Although from the late Bronze Age to the Warring States Period, there was an unbroken chain of archaeological data between the Fergana Basin and the Tur pan Basin, according to other archaeological data and the migration history of corresponding ethnic一groups, the Eurasian grape should spread into the Xinjiang region through the two channels of Eurasian Steppe and Green Island at the end of second Millennium BC. At present, the Eurasian grape vines and seeds unearthed in the Tur pan Basin back to the Warring States Period are the most reliable evidences for their introductio门 into China. At last， the eastward migration of the Indo European ethnic-groups, the development of oasis agriculture and