生物化学资料：21-conversion of AAs to apecialized products-(李)-15年-上.pptVIP

(3) Types of jaundice: hemolytic jaundice 溶血性黄疸 b) hepatocellular jaundice 肝细胞性黄疸 c) obstructive jaundice 阻塞性黄疸 hemolytic jaundice 溶血性黄疸 massive lysis of red blood cells ↓ free bilirubin produced ＞ ＞ conjugated bilirubin ↓ hemolytic jaundice e.g., sickle cell anemia Hemolytic jaundice b) hepatocellular jaundice 肝细胞性黄疸 damage to liver cells ↓ decreased conjugation of free bilirubin ↓ hepatocellular jaundice e.g., hepatitis, liver cirrhosis Hepatocellular jaundice Conjugated bilirubin ∥ Free bilirubin ∥ c) obstructive jaundice 阻塞性黄疸 obstruction of bile duct ↓ blocking the passage of conjugation into intestine ↓ obstructive jaundice e.g., Bile stones, hepatic tumor, pancreatic tumor Obstructive jaundice Conjugated bilirubin ∥ Laboratory results under normal and different jaundiced conditions 各种黄疸时血、尿、粪中某些指标的改变 (4) Neonatal jaundice: Jaundice in newborns caused by low activity of glucuronyltransferase at birth. bilirubin Basal ganglia Kernicterus Glucuronyl transferase More watersoluble bilirubin isomer Blue fluorescent light III. Other nitrogen-containing compounds A. Catecholamines Catecholamines: Dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine 1. Functions Norepinephrine and epinephrine: (released for emergencies) promote glycogen and TAG degradation increse blood pressure and cardiac output Dopamine and norepinephrine: neurotransmitters (brain autonomic nervous system) 2. Synthesis Pyridoxal phosphate Insufficient dopamine production ↓ Parkinson disease neurodegenerative movement disorder (tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability) Rate-limiting enzyme 3. Degradation 间甲肾上腺素 urine 去甲变肾上腺素 香草扁桃酸 高香草酸 3-甲氧酪胺 2,5-二羟苯乙酸 儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶 单胺氧化酶 3,4-二羟基扁桃酸 Tests of urine vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid can be used for the diagnoses of neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma. 嗜铬细胞瘤 神经母细胞瘤 B. Histamine vasodilator allergic and inflammatory mediator gastric acid secretion