呼吸系统疾病用药课件.pptVIP

2021/2/6 * (6)注意各药的禁忌 :盐酸氨溴索片对妊娠初始3个月的妇女禁用,少数患者出现胃部不适等消化道反应,故胃溃疡患者慎用。乙酰半胱氨酸水溶液有刺激性气味,部分患者可引起呛咳、支气管痉挛,故支气管哮喘者慎用,直接滴入可产生大量痰液,需要吸痰器吸引排痰,对老年患者、严重呼吸道阻塞者慎用 。羧甲司坦对有出血倾向的消化道溃疡患者及孕妇禁用。愈创甘油醚有刺激干咳和扩张血管平滑肌的作用,故禁用于肺出血、急性胃肠炎和肾炎患者。 (7)大量咳痰时,不宜应用镇咳药,尤其是右美沙芬、喷托维林(咳必清)、苯丙哌林(咳快好)等,此类中枢性镇咳药会使咳嗽中枢受到抑制．阻断咳嗽反射,导致痰液滞留十气道,堵塞呼吸道,既影响呼吸又易继发感染。故宜以先祛痰为主．止咳为辅。一旦痰液排出。咳嗽自然停止。 (8)应用复合制剂时,了解其成分,注意某些成分的禁忌证 2021/2/6 * 呼吸系统常见症状及用药 镇咳药 抑制咳嗽反射,缓解咳嗽症状 祛痰药 降低痰液粘稠度,使痰液易于咳出 平喘药 扩张支气管平滑肌,解除支气管痉挛 咳 喘 痰 2021/2/6 * 谢 谢! 2021/2/6 * 人有了知识,就会具备各种分析能力, 明辨是非的能力。 所以我们要勤恳读书,广泛阅读, 古人说“书中自有黄金屋。 ”通过阅读科技书籍,我们能丰富知识, 培养逻辑思维能力; 通过阅读文学作品,我们能提高文学鉴赏水平, 培养文学情趣; 通过阅读报刊,我们能增长见识,扩大自己的知识面。 有许多书籍还能培养我们的道德情操, 给我们巨大的精神力量, 鼓舞我们前进。 * 97 Other Treatment Options for AECB More as a preventative measure, local irritants such as dust, pollutants, or cigarette smoke should be removed. Symptomatic therapy for exacerbations in chronic bronchitis include bronchodilator therapy which may slow the decline of lung function in those COPD patients who are bronchodilator responsive. Inhaled anticholinergic agents appear to produce greater bronchodilatation than inhaled ?-agonists. The role of long-acting inhaled ?-agonists is unclear but preliminary reports suggest that mild symptomatic improvement and small increases in pulmonary function are associated with their use (Balter and Grossman, 1997). Low-flow oxygen therapy should be administered if hypoxemia is present. It is important not to administer excess oxygen which may lead to progressive hypercapnia. The use of oral or IV corticosteroids is recommended for most patients with chronic bronchitis and demonstrable airflow obstruction during exacerbations. Although the optimal dose of corticosteroids is unknown, most clinicians prescribe prednisone in a daily dose of 30 to 40 mg, decreasing the dose to zero over the next 7 to 10 days. Theophylline products have less bronchodilator effect than ?2-agonists or anticholinergic agents (Balter and Grossman, 1997). * 2021/2/