食品生物化学Chapter 19 The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle.pptVIP

All six carbons of glucose are liberated as CO2, and a total of four molecules of ATP are formed thus far in substrate-level phosphorylations. A total of 3 ATP per NADH and 2 ATP per FADH2 may be produced through the processes of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. Thus the 12 reduced coenzymes produced up to this point can eventually produce a maximum of 34 molecules of ATP in the electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. Together, 38 molecules of ATP. But it is not the final answer. 19.13 The TCA Cycle Provides Intermediates for Biosynthetic Pathways Until now we have viewed the TCA cycle as a catabolic process because it oxidizes acetate units to CO2 and converts the liberated energy to ATP and reduced coenzymes. The TCA cycle is, after all, the end point for breakdown of food materials, at least in terms of carbon turnover. However, four-, five-, and six-carbon species produced in the TCA cycle also fuel a variety of biosynthetic processes. ?-Ketoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, fumarate, and oxaloacetate are all precursors of important cellular species. In order to participate in eukaryotic biosynthetic processes, however, they must first be transported out of the mitochondria. 琥珀酸盐 延胡索酸盐 醋酸盐 苹果酸盐 柠檬酸盐 草酰乙酸盐, 丁酮二酸盐 The TCA cycle provides intermediates for numerous biosynthetic processes in the cell 卟啉 Export of citrate from mitochondria and cytosolic breakdown produces oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA. Oxaloacetate is recycled to malate or pyruvate, which re-enters the mitochondria. This cycle provides acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis in the cytosol. Chapter 19The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle [tra?,kɑ?b?ks?l?k] Aerobic cells use a metabolic wheel --the tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环 (also called the citric acid cycle 柠檬酸循环, or Krebs cycle) —to generate energy by acetyl-CoA oxidation. 19.1 Hans Krebs and the Discovery of the TCA Cycle 19.2 The TCA Cycle—A Brief Summary 19.3 The Bridging Step: Oxidative Decarboxylation of Pyruvate 19.4