第十二章-神经元间的信号转导.pptVIP

先进行 其结束后， 例如: 肥大细胞的IgE的高亲和力FcεR1可激活ERK 、 JNK和p38通路 储备囊泡由肌动蛋白和突触素Ⅰ锚在细胞骨架上 Model of Synapsin I Action in Regulating Synaptic Vesicle Availability for Exocytosis. Nerve Terminal Proteins That May Be Involved in the Exocytotic Mechanism include vesicle membrane proteins such as synaptobrevin and synaptotagmin, the plasma membrane proteins syntaxin and SNAP-25, and the soluble proteins NSF and a /b - and g -SNAP. Structure of the SNARE complex. The vesicular SNARE, synaptobrevin (blue), forms a helical complex with the plasma membrane SNAREs syntaxin (red) and SNAP-25 (green). (B) A model for Ca2+-triggered vesicle fusion. SNARE proteins on the synaptic vesicle and plasma membranes form a complex (as in A) that brings together the two membranes. Ca2+ then binds to synaptotagmin on the vesicle membrane, causing the cytoplasmic region of this protein to insert into the plasma membrane and catalyze membrane fusion. A model for Ca2+-triggered vesicle fusion. SNARE proteins on the synaptic vesicle and plasma membranes form a complex (as in A) that brings together the two membranes. Ca2+ then binds to synaptotagmin on the vesicle membrane, causing the cytoplasmic region of this protein to insert into the plasma membrane and catalyze membrane fusion. Local recycling of synaptic vesicles in presynaptic terminals. (A) Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) introduced into the synaptic cleft is used to follow the fate of membrane retrieved from the presynaptic plasma membrane. Stimulation of endocytosis by presynaptic action potentials causes HRP to be taken up into the presynaptic terminals via a pathway that includes (B) coated vesicles and (C) endosomes (D) Eventually, the HRP is found in newly formed synaptic vesicles. . (E) Interpretation of the results shown in AD. Calcium-regulated fusion of vesicles with the presynaptic membrane is followed by endocytotic retrieval of vesicular membrane via coated vesicles and endosomes, and subsequent reformation of n