基础分子生物学Chapter转录激活.pptVIP

2021/3/27 * 回文的半位点TGTTCT形成了一类应答元件,它们可被多个受体识别,而这依赖于半位点间的距离. 2021/3/27 * 含有RXR的异源二聚体可识别由同向重复序列TGACCT组成的应答元件. 2021/3/27 * 在缺乏配体时, T3R和RAR结合SMRT,启动子不表达;由于配体的结合,SMRT被取代,受体就可结合辅激活剂复合体,这将激活基本转录复合体的转录功能. 2021/3/27 * 22.14 Homeodomains bind related targets in DNA . ?同源域结合DNA中的相关靶序列. 同源域是一个DNA结合域,它由60个氨基酸组成,并形成3个?螺旋. C端的?螺旋有17个氨基酸,它结合DNA大沟. 同源域的N端臂插入DNA小沟. 含同源域的蛋白质可能是转录的激活剂或阻抑物. 2021/3/27 * 在一个转录调节因子中,同源域可能是唯一的DNA结合域,或与其他基序组合在一起,它代表了蛋白质结构中相对独立的一部分(60个残基). 2021/3/27 * 同源盒的螺旋3结合到DNA的大沟上,而螺旋1和2露在双螺旋之外,螺旋3与磷酸骨架和特异性碱基同时接触;同源盒的N端的臂位于小沟中,它负责余下的接触. 2021/3/27 * 22.15 Helix-loop-helix proteins interact by combinatorial association. 螺旋-环-螺旋蛋白质通过不同组合的结合而相互作用. 螺旋-环-螺旋蛋白质有一个由40-50氨基酸残基组成的基序,含有两个两性螺旋.螺旋由15-16个氨基酸残基组成,两个螺旋被环隔开. 螺旋负责二聚体的形成. bHLH蛋白含有碱性序列,它在HLH基序附近,负责结合DNA. 2021/3/27 * 所有的HLH蛋白都含有对应于螺旋1和螺旋2的序列,两个螺旋之间被10-24个残基的环隔开.碱性HLH蛋白的保守氨基酸带有正电荷. 2021/3/27 * 当两个亚基都是bHLH型时,这时的二聚体能结合DNA;当其中一个亚基缺乏碱性区时,二聚体就不能与DNA结合. * * Eukaryotic gene expression is usually controlled at the level of initiation of transcription.  The phenotypic differences that distinguish the various kinds of cells in a higher eukaryote are largely due to differences in the expression of genes that code for proteins, that is, those transcribed by RNA polymerase II. In principle, the expression of these genes might be regulated at any one of several stages. We can distinguish (at least) five potential control points, forming the series: Activation of gene structure ↓ Initiation of transcription ↓ Processing the transcript ↓ Transport to cytoplasm ↓ Translation of mRNA As we see inFigure 22.1, gene expression in eukaryotes is largely controlled at the initiation of transcription. For most genes, this is the major control point in their expression. It involves changes in the structure of chromatin at the promoter (see Promoter activation involves an ordered series of events), accompanied by the binding of the basal transcription apparatus (including RNA polymerase II) to the promoter. (Regulation at subsequen