城市臭氧污染.pptVIP

天津地区臭氧光化学特征 天津市区臭氧产生对NOx和VOCs都有敏感性 武清的臭氧产生对NOx最敏感 Ran et al, ACP, 2012 UVB Limited Precursor Limited 华北地区气溶胶污染下的高臭氧事件 Tao and Zhao, ACP, 2014 气溶胶吸湿增长对光解速率廓线的影响 Temp J(NO2) High AOD High Ozone Higher Aerosol SSA RH Aerosol Growth Factor Aerosol SSA Hygroscopic Growth Tao and Zhao, ACP, 2014 高气溶胶—高臭氧“双高”污染 臭氧污染面临的问题和挑战 高质量的观测（代表性+垂直） VOCs观测与活性计算 机动车的增加 地面植被的变化 气溶胶污染影响（辐射 + 非均相） 区域输送问题 城市臭氧污染建议 观测监测 分布特征 机制分析 预报预警 对策治理 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 城市臭氧污染 内容 对流层臭氧污染 臭氧化学机制 上海与京津地区臭氧研究 气溶胶与臭氧污染 城市臭氧污染的建议 O2 + hν NO2 + hν 大气中的臭氧 Urban Air Pollution Smog: Harold Antoine Des Voeux of London’s Coal Smoke Abatement Society, introduced word in 1905 to describe combination of smoke and fog visible in several cities in Great Britain. London-type smog: Arises from coal- and chemical-combustion smoke in presence of fog or low-lying temperature inversion. 1952: Peak SO2 1.4 ppmv; particulate matter 4460 mg m-3 Meuse Valley, Belgium December 1930: Five-day fog event with strong inversion and heavy emission from coal burning -- 63 deaths, 6000 illnesses. Donora, Pennsylvania October, 1948, Six-day event with strong inversion and emission from Donora Zinc Works and steel mills -- 20 deaths, 7000 illnesses. Photochemical Smog: Air pollution formed by sunlight catalyzing chemical reactions of emitted compounds. 洛杉矶光化学烟雾 早期污染类型与伦敦烟雾类似 1900’s 初, 机动车辆使用显著增加 1939-1943 能见度急剧下降 1952 Arie Haagen-Smit（荷兰生物化学教授） 提出阳光下活性有机物和氮氧化物可以导致臭氧的产生，而正是臭氧带来了一系列损害人体、植物和建筑物的后果。光化学烟雾的主要成分臭氧和它的前体物。 mid-1950s: Ozone levels in Los Angeles reach 0.65 ppmv Smog Alerts Health Standard Level 1-h Ozone(ppbv) California standard 90 Federal standard 120 Health advisory 150 Stage 1 smog alert 200 Stage 2 smog alert 350 Stage 3 smog alert 500 Ten things you can do on Ozone Action Days Share a ride to work or school. Avoid drive-through lanes. Avoid morning rush-hour traffic. Postpone refueling until after 6 p.m. Walk or ride a bicycle. Dont top off your gas tank when r