大气化学-2 控制大气化学成分的关键过程.pptVIP

* * All atmospheric entities show short-period fluctuations about their longer term mean value Overbar indicates time-averaged property Prime signifies instantaneous deviation from the mean, positive indicates above the mean * * Eddy mixes air from above downwards, and from below upwards Concentration of entity is greater below, as it is mixed upwards causes a positive perturbation * * Evaluate the vertical flux of any entity as follows. W’= w- mean w, but mean w= 0, w’=w, velocity of air being moved upwards at speed of m s-1 At any given instant, multiply velocity of air being moved upwards at a speed of m s-1, by the fluctuation of the entity about its mean (g kg air-1) You will get the vertical speed of transfer of this entity in units of m s-1 x g kg-1 , which means we are transfering the entity at a vertical speed measured in m s-1 and at a concentration of g per kg of air. g of entity transferred vertically, per square metre of surface area per second. * QT-1060开路涡度相关测量仪器 * 用在不同的生态系统 Norris et al. * Eddy Covariance Directly measure how much CO2 or H2O vapor blows in or out of a site in wind gusts. Net Ecosystem Production Integrated measure of ecosystem fluxes Link changes in [CO2] or [H2O] in the air above a canopy with the upward or downward movement of that air Litvak –FluxTower.ppt * Net Ecosystem Exchange Flux CO2 = w ’ CO2’ 30 minute timescale Updraft [CO2] downdraft [CO2] Flux 0 carbon source Updraft [CO2] downdraft [CO2] Flux 0 carbon sink * 0 200 400 600 800 1000 146.0 146.5 147.0 147.5 148.0 May 26, 2000 May 27, 2000 Sunlight CO2 Exchange CO2 Exchange (mmol m-2 s-1) Sunlight (Wm-2) The net CO2 flux is calculated for each half hour from the measurements of vertical wind and CO2 concentration. A positive flux indicates a net loss of CO2 from the surface (respiration) and a negative flux indicates the net uptake of CO2 (photosynthesis) -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 12 AM 12PM 12AM 12PM 12AM * 基本理论 瞬时信号 瞬时扰动 All atmospheric ent