从修辞角度赏析《双城记》的美学特征-最新资料.docxVIP

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从修辞角度赏析《双城记》的美学特征-最新资料.docx

从修辞角度赏析《双城记》的美学特征 西方修辞学将修辞分为交际修辞和美学修辞两大类。 两者各 有特点和任务。 前者指的是文章的遣词造句需要通顺妥帖, 是广 泛而普遍的。后者要求语言表现要生动形象,富于感染力,是专 门而高级的。交际修辞是行文的基础,而美学修辞是提高。修辞 研究的是语言的艺术,即语言的功用和审美,与美学密不可分。 从修辞格角度而言,语言的美可分为均衡美,整齐美,变化美和 形象美。 、均衡美 对称和谐的美感见于很多修辞格中,最为突出的就是对比 antithesis ),也称为对称。其特点为两相比较的事物句子结 构相同或相似,语义相反或者相对。 《双城记》的开头便是最为 经典的对比句。 It was the best of times, It was the best of times , it was the worst of times it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishnessit was the epoch of belief,it was the epoch of incredulityit was the season of Light ,it was the season of Darkness ,it was the spring of hope it was the age of wisdom , it was the age of foolishness it was the epoch of belief ,it was the epoch of incredulity it was the season of Light ,it was the season of Darkness , it was the spring of hope , it was the winter of despair we had everything before us , we had nothing before us wewere all going direct to Heaven,we were all going direct the other way. 那是最美好的 ?r 代,那是最糟糕的时代;那是智慧的年代, 那是愚昧的年代;那是信仰的时期,那是怀疑的时期;那是光明 的季节,那是黑暗的季节;那是希望的春天,那是绝望的冬天; 我们拥有一切,我们一无所有;我们都在直奔天堂,我们都在跌 入地狱。 这样的一段描写高度凝练了小说所处的时代特征, 对仗极其 工整,无论在形式上还是语义上都为读者带来了强烈的均衡之 美。 There was a king with a large jaw and a queen with a , on the throne ofplain face ,on the throne of England ; there wasa king with , on the throne of France. 那时候,英国的王位上坐着一个大下巴的国王和一个相貌平 庸的王后;法国的王位上坐着一个大下巴的国王和一个闭月羞花 的王后。 这句话介绍了巴黎和伦敦两座城市所在法国和英国的时代 背景,前后分句句式几乎一样,除开“ plain ”和“ fair ”一对 反义词。作者选择了这样的对比修辞格, 使文字看起来妙趣横生, 回味无穷。 二、整齐美 排比和反复修辞格在结构上都通过重复的句式体现了整齐 的特点。排比修辞格指的是三个或三个以上的词、词组、从句或 者句子表现出的结构上的一致性。 这些语法单位结构相同, 语义 并重、排列成串,呈现出整齐划一的特点,增强语言气势和感染 力。与排比结构上的一致性不同,反复修辞格种类繁多,指不同 层次的词法、句法或者音韵的重复。通过音、形、义的不断反复 出现,给读者留下深刻的印象。 双城记》中语言丰富生动,狄更斯用到了大量排比和反复 描述人物和场景。比如, Hadhe ever been a spy himself ? No,he scorned the base ? His property. Where ? His property. Where was his property ? He didn t precisely remember where it was. What was it ? No bus iness of anybody s. Had he inherited it ? Yes ,he had. From whom? Distant relation. Very distant ? Rather. Ever been I prison ? Certainly not.

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