国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Diagnostic methods in medicine Part 1 - Medical tracers.pptVIP

* of 5 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 5 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 5 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 5 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 5 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 5 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 5 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Medical imaging and nuclear medicine Nuclear medicine is a type of medical imaging that uses a small amount of radioactive isotope to diagnose or treat diseases without the need for surgery. Such diseases include cancers, heart disease, gastrointestinal and endocrine problems, neurological disorders and other abnormalities within the body. Medical tracers These chemicals are called tracers. They are administered by ingestion or injection into the bloodstream and are used to follow metabolic pathways or blood flow. Radioactive isotopes are used to replace stable atoms in particular chemicals, like water or glucose. The radiation from the isotope can be detected outside the body and used to image internal organs. This can help in the diagnosis and treatment of illness and disease. Choosing radioactive isotopes The half-life of the radioactive isotope chosen needs to be long enough so it can be manufactured, administered, and reach the area of interest in the body. But the half-life should not be so long that it would expose the patient and the people around them to an unnecessarily high dose of radiation. Radioactive isotopes that are commonly used in medical tracers include iodine-131, technetium-99m and fluorine-18 to diagnose problems with the function of organs and for therapeutic use. * ? Boardworks 2015 Boardworks A-level Physics Year 2Diagnostic methods in medicine * ? Boardworks 2015 Boardworks A-level Physics Year 2Diagnostic methods in medicine Teacher notes A radioactive nuclide or radionuclide is a nucleus that has an unstable number of protons or neutrons. * ? Boardworks 2015 Boardworks A-level Physics Year 2Diagnostic methods in medicine Image credit: By Robert Dudash from Omaha, USA [CC BY-SA 2.0 (/licenses/by-sa/2.0)], via Wikimedia C