国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Electric Fields Part 2 - Electric field strength.pptVIP

* of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Placing a charge in an electric field Electric field strength Electric field strength is defined as the force experienced per unit charge. The charge in the equation refers to the charge of the particle in the field. electric field strength = force / charge E = F / Q Example: What is the electric field strength around a point charge if a 3.20 × 10-19 C charge experiences a force of 7.30 × 10-15 N? E = (7.30 × 10-15 ) / (3.20 × 10-19 ) E = 2.28 × 104 N C-1 E = F / Q Electric field strength: uniform fields The electric field between two parallel plates (e.g. capacitor plates) is uniform: a charge will experience the same force wherever it is placed between the plates. The electric field strength depends on two factors: the voltage between the plates and the distance between them. electric field strength = voltage / distance E = V / d The units of E in this instance are volts per metre (V m-1). Electric field strength: radial fields Electric field strength calculations Zero values of E between two charges (1) In the case of two positive or two negative point charges, there is a point along the line between the two charges where the electric field strength is zero. Can you explain why? E is a vector quantity that acts in the same direction as the force on a positive charge placed in the field. Therefore the strength of each field will be equal and opposite at some point along the line above, and the vector sum will be zero. Where will that point be in the above example if Q1 = 2Q2? Zero values of E between two charges (2) When E is 0: E1 = E2 At what point will E be zero if Q1 = 2Q2? Substitute in equations for E: Q1/4πεor12 = Q2/4πεor22 Cancel constants: Q1/r12 = Q2/r22 Q1 = 2Q2 so: 2Q2/r12 = Q2/r22 Cancel Q2 values from each side: 2 = r12/r22 Squa