国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Astrophysics Part 2 - The stars.pptVIP

* ? Boardworks 2015 Boardworks A-level Physics Year 2 Astrophysics * Teacher notes Some neutron stars rotate, emitting two beams of radiation in opposite directions. If the path of these beams crosses the Earth, the star can be observed as a regular pulse of radiation. When the first of these regular pulses was observed in 1967, its origin was unknown, and it was dubbed ‘LGM-1’ (‘little green man’). Shortly afterwards, it was established that the pulses came from a type of star, and the phenomenon was called a pulsar (‘pulsating star’). Pulsars rotate at speeds ranging from one rotation every few seconds to hundreds of rotations a second, and each rotation causes two pulses of radiation as the two beams pass over the Earth. ? Boardworks 2015 Boardworks A-level Physics Year 2 Astrophysics * Teacher notesThe example stars featured in this animation are: Proxima Centauri: the Sun’s nearest neighbouring star Bellatrix, Betelgeuse and Rigel: three of the four corners of the constellation Orion; Betelgeuse and Rigel are supergiants, while Bellatrix is a massive main sequence star Sirius B: the white dwarf that forms a binary system with Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky ? Boardworks 2015 Boardworks A-level Physics Year 2 Astrophysics * ? Boardworks 2015 Boardworks A-level Physics Year 2 Astrophysics * Teacher notes The study of these strange effects, in which time and space are different depending on the observer, is known as relativity. The event horizon is not a physical boundary, and cannot be seen. It is only a theoretical boundary that separates the black hole from the rest of space. ? Boardworks 2015 Boardworks A-level Physics Year 2 Astrophysics * Teacher notes For a non-rotating black hole, the Schwarzschild radius is the radius of the event horizon. ? Boardworks 2015 Boardworks A-level Physics Year 2 Astrophysics * Teacher notes G = 6.7 × 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 ? Boardworks 2015 Boardworks A-level Physics Year 2 Astrophysics * ? Boardworks 2015 Boardw