国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Resistance and Resistivity Part 1 - Ohms law.pptVIP

* of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 49 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 49 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 49 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 49 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 49 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 The effect of temperature on resistance The higher the temperature, the faster the metal atoms vibrate, and the more likely they are to impede electron flow, hence increasing resistance. Resistance is a characteristic of all materials. Some materials (e.g. air) have a high resistance. Other materials (e.g. gold) have a very small resistance. Electrical resistance is similar to friction, in that it is a resistance to movement. Electrons drift slowly through a conductor when a voltage is put across the ends. The metal’s atoms interfere with the motion of the electrons, causing resistance. electron metalatom Ohm’s Law We can write ‘voltage is proportional to current’ in symbols as: Ohm’s Law states that: The current in an ohmic conductor is proportional to the voltage across it, provided that the temperature and other physical conditions are kept constant. R is the resistance, measured in ohms (Ω). V = R × I If R is a constant: V μ I Finding resistance from a graph Compare the equation for an ohmic conductor to the general equation for a straight line: V = RI y = mx + c If a graph is plotted with voltage on the y axis and current on the x axis, it can be seen that the gradient (m) is the resistance. The y intercept (c) is 0. I V gradient = R Voltage–current graphs are often drawn with the axesthe other way around. In this case, the gradient = 1/R  and R = 1/gradient. Plotting voltage–current graphs How well do you understand graphs? Which symbol and which graph? Ohm’s Law summary * Boardworks AS Physics Resistance and Resistivity * Boardworks AS Physics Resistance and Resistivity * Boardworks AS Physics Resistance and Resistivity Photo credit: Georg Ohm, Wikimedia commons Teacher notes Georg Oh