国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Moments Part 3 - Equilibrium.pptVIP

* of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 26 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 26 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 26 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Equilibrium A body persists in equilibrium if no net force or moment acts on it. Forces and moments are balanced. Newton’s first law states that a body persists in its state of rest or of uniform motion unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force. Bodies in equilibrium are therefore bodies that are at rest or moving at constant velocity (uniform motion). F1 F1 F2 F2 equilibrium 4m 2m If the total clockwise moment on an object is balanced by the total anticlockwise moment, then the object will not rotate. Provided that there are no other unbalanced forces on it, the object will be in equilibrium, like the beam below: 3 N 6 N total anticlockwise moments = total clockwise moments 3 × 4 = 6 × 2 12 Nm = 12 Nm Balanced moments The principle of moments The principle of moments states that (for a body in equilibrium): total clockwise moments = total anticlockwisemoments 4 N 6 N 5 m d 4 × 5 = 6d This principle can be used in calculations: What is d? 20 = 6d d = 20 / 6 d = 3.3 m Can you make the beam balance? Balancing moments calculations Human forearm 60 N 20 N 4 cm 16 cm 35 cm F Taking moments about the elbow joint: 4F = (16 × 20) + (35 × 60) 4F = 2420 F = 605 N The principle of moments can be used to find out the force, F, that the biceps need to apply to the forearm in order to carry a certain weight. When the weight is held static, the system is in equilibrium. 60 N schematic diagram weight of arm = 20 N Centre of gravity and equilibrium 0.2 m 3 N The uniform metre rule shown is in equilibrium, with its centre of gravity marked by the arrow ‘weight’. Find the weight of the metre rule. 0.3 m 0.5 m W total anticlockwise moments = total clockwise moments 3 × 0.2 = weight × 0.3 weight = 0.6 / 0.3 weight = 2 N Finding the weight of a metre rule Equilibrium: test