国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Optics Part 5 - Diffraction.pptVIP

* of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 46 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 46 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 46 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 46 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 46 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 What is diffraction? Diffraction is the spreading out or bending of waves as they pass through a gap or around an obstacle. Diffraction is greatest when the wavelength is approximately the same as the width of the gap. All types of waves can be diffracted, but the amount depends on the ratio of the wavelength to the size of the opening or obstacle. Single slit diffraction When light passes through a narrow slit, a pattern of alternate bright and dark fringes is produced. This is a single slit diffraction pattern. The intensity of the fringes against distance from the centre can be plotted on a graph. Single slit diffraction pattern intensity The intensity of a single slit diffraction pattern displays some important features: the central maximum is twice as wide as the other fringes the central maximum is much brighter than the other fringes the pattern becomes more spread out if a narrower slit and larger wavelength of light are used. Diffraction gratings A diffraction grating is a plate with many closely spaced parallel slits. It produces widely spaced interference patterns as a result of the superposition of waves from the many slits. The pattern from a diffraction grating consists of brighter and sharper fringes than the pattern from a double slit arrangement. The pattern is much clearer, which makes it possible to calculate the wavelength of the light more accurately. The diffraction grating equation The diffraction grating equation The diffraction grating equation: nλ = dsinθ Where d = slit spacing (equivalent to 1 / number of slits per m). The maximum number of orders, n, can be found by substituting θ = 90° into the equation. Given that sin90° = 1:n = d / λ, rounded down the nearest whole numb