国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Optics Part 1 - The EM spectrum.pptVIP

* of 7 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 7 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 46 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 46 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 46 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 46 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 46 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 7 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 7 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 What is optics? Optics is the study of the nature and behaviour of visible light, along with its interactions with matter. This definition can be extended to encompass the family of waves to which light belongs: the electromagnetic spectrum. These interactions include reflection, refraction, total internal reflection and diffraction. Properties of EM waves Electromagnetic (EM) waves travel as oscillations in electrical and magnetic fields, and can transmit energy through a vacuum. They are always transverse waves. In a vacuum, EM waves travel at the speed of light (299,792,458 ms-1) but they slow down in different substances. electric field magnetic field The EM spectrum Lasers as light sources Lasers are often used as light sources because their light is: monochromatic – emitted with only one wavelength coherent – all waves are either exactly in phase or display a constant phase difference collimated – a narrow, approximately parallel, beam. Other light sources, such as the Sun and light bulbs, are polychromatic, incoherent and uncollimated. Electromagnetic spectrum: a summary * Boardworks A-level Physics Year 1 and AS Optics * Boardworks A-level Physics Year 1 and AS Optics Photo credit: David Parker / Science Photo Library A prism demonstrating refraction and reflection effects. A beam of white light strikes the prism, refracting onto the right hand face. At this face, some of the light is refracted again, exiting the prism and forming the spectrum. The spectrum is a result of the different amounts of refraction of the different wavelengths of light present. Some of the light is reflected by the face, exiting the prism from the closest face. As it leaves the prism, it is refracted in an opposite dir